Microcephaly

Microcephaly waa xaalad qofka cabirkiisu uu aad uga yar yahay kan dadka kale ee ay isku da'da iyo isku jinsi yihiin. Cabbirka madaxa waxaa lagu cabiraa sida masaafada ugu dhow madaxa kore. Cabbir ka yar midka caadiga ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo jaantusyo la jaangooyay.

Microcephaly badiyaa waxay dhacdaa maxaa yeelay maskaxdu kuma korto heer caadi ah. Koritaanka qalfoofka waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa koritaanka maskaxda. Kobaca Maskaxdu wuxuu dhacaa inta ilmuhu caloosha ku jiro iyo inta uu yaryahay.

Xaaladaha saameeya koritaanka maskaxda waxay sababi karaan wax ka yar cabirka madaxa ee caadiga ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah infekshannada, cilladaha hidda-socodka, iyo nafaqo-xumo ba'an.

Xaaladaha hidda-socodka ee keena microcephaly waxaa ka mid ah:

• Xanuunka 'Cornelia de Lange syndrome'
• Cri du chat syndrome
• Cilladda Down syndrome-ka
• Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome
• Cudurka 'Seckel syndrome'
• Smith-Lemli-Opitz cillad
• Trisomy 18
• Trisomy 21

Dhibaatooyinka kale ee u horseedi kara microcephaly waxaa ka mid ah:

• Fenylketonuria aan la xakameynin (hooyada)
• Sunta methylmercury
• Rubella oo ku dhasha
• Toxoplasmosis oo lagu dhasho
• Cudurka cytomegalovirus ee dhalmada (CMV)
• Isticmaalka daroogooyinka qaarkood inta lagu guda jiro uurka, gaar ahaan aalkolada iyo phenytoin

Ku qaadista viruska Zika inta aad uurka leedahay sidoo kale waxay sababi kartaa microcephaly. Fayraska Zika waxaa laga helay Afrika, Koonfurta Baasifigga, gobollada kulaylaha ee Aasiya, iyo Brazil iyo qaybaha kale ee Koonfurta Ameerika, oo ay weheliyaan Mexico, Central America, iyo Caribbean.

Badanaa, microcephaly waxaa lagu ogaadaa dhalashada ama inta lagu jiro baaritaanka caadiga ah ee ilmaha. La hadal daryeel caafimaad bixiyahaaga haddii aad u malaynayso in cabbirka madaxa ilmahaagu aad u yar yahay ama aanu si caadi ah u korin.

Wac daryeel bixiyahaaga haddii adiga ama lammaanahaaga aad tagteen aag ay Zika joogto oo aad uur leedahay ama aad ka fekereyso inaad uur yeelato.

Inta badan, microcephaly waxaa la ogaadaa inta lagu jiro imtixaanka caadiga ah. Qiyaasaha madaxu waa qayb ka mid ah dhammaan baaritaanada ilmaha ee wanaagsan 18 bilood ee ugu horreeya. Tijaabooyinku waxay qaadanayaan oo keliya dhowr ilbiriqsi inta cajaladda wax lagu cabirayo la saarayo madaxa ilmaha.

Bixiyaha ayaa hayn doona rikoor waqti ka dib si uu u go'aamiyo:

• Waa maxay wareegga madaxu?
• Madaxa miyaa koritaankiisu ka gaabiyaa jidhka?
• Maxaa astaamo kale oo jira ayaa jira?

Waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inay ku caawiso inaad xafiddo diiwaanadaada gaarka ah ee koritaanka ilmahaaga. La hadal daryeel bixiyahaaga haddii aad ogaatid in koritaanka madaxa ilmaha uu umuuqdo inuu gaabis yahay.

Haddii bixiyahaagu ku ogaado ilmahaaga microcephaly, waa inaad ku ogaataa diiwaanka caafimaadka ilmahaaga.

• Dhakada dhalaanka cusub
• Microcephaly
• Ultrasound, uurjiif caadi ah - ventricles-ka maskaxda

Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Ka-hortagga Cudurrada. Fayraska Zika. www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html. La cusbooneysiiyay Juun 4, 2019. La helay Noofambar 15, 2019.

Johansson MA, Mier-Y-Teran-Romero L, Reefhuis J, Gilboa SM, Hills SL. Zika iyo halista microcephaly. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375 (1): 1-4. PMID: 27222919 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27222919/.

Kinsman SL, Johnston MV. Cilladaha dhalmada ee habka dhexe ee neerfaha. Gudaha: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Buugga Buugga Caafimaadka Caruurta. 21aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 609.

Mizaa GM, Dobyns WB. Cilladaha cabirka maskaxda. Gudaha: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. Swaiman's Neurology Carruurta: Mabaadi'da iyo Tababarka. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: cutubka 28.