Cirbadda Insulin-ta Aadanaha

Qanacsan

• Kahor isticmaalka insulin,
• Dawadani waxay isbeddel ku keentaa sonkorta dhiiggaaga. Waa inaad ogaataa astaamaha sonkorta dhiiga oo hooseysa iyo kuwa sare iyo waxa la sameeyo haddii aad leedahay astaamahan.
• Insulin-ta aadanaha waxay sababi kartaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:
• Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga:
• Qiyaasta insulin-ta ee bini-aadamka waxay dhici kartaa haddii aad isticmaasho insulin aad u tiro badan ama haddii aad isticmaasho qaddarka saxda ah ee insulin-ta aadanaha laakiin aad wax ka cunto sidii caadiga ahayd ama aad jimicsi ka sameyso sidii caadiga ahayd. Qiyaasta insulin-ta bini-aadamka waxay sababi kartaa hypoglycemia. Haddii aad leedahay wax calaamado ah hypoglycemia, raac tilmaamaha dhakhtarkaaga ee wixii aad sameyn lahayd haddii aad ku dhacdo hypoglycemia. Calaamadaha kale ee xad dhaafka ah:

Insulin-ta bani-aadamka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo sonkorta dhiigga dadka qaba nooca 1aad ee sonkorowga (xaalad uusan jidhku samayn insulin oo markaa ma xakamayn karo qadarka sonkorta dhiiga ku jirta) ama dadka qaba nooca sonkorowga 2 (xaalad ay sonkorta dhiigu aad ayey u sarreysaa maxaa yeelay jidhku ma soo saaro ama uma isticmaalo insulin si caadi ah) oo aan lagu xakamayn karin daawooyinka afka laga qaato oo keliya. Insulin-ta bani-aadamka waxay ku jirtaa nooc daawo ah oo loo yaqaanno hormoonno. Insulin-ta aadanaha waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaato booska insulin-ta sida caadiga ah jirku soo saaro. Waxay ku shaqeysaa iyada oo gacan ka geysaneysa ka-guurista sonkorta dhiigga unugyada kale ee jirka halkaas oo loogu isticmaalo tamar. Waxay kaloo joojisaa beerka inuu soo saaro sonkor badan. Dhammaan noocyada insulin ee la heli karo waxay u shaqeeyaan sidan. Noocyada insulin-ta waxay ku kala duwan yihiin oo keliya sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee ay shaqada u bilaabaan iyo muddada ay sii wadaan xakamaynta sonkorta dhiigga.

Waqti ka dib, dadka qaba sonkorowga iyo sonkorta dhiigga oo sareeya waxay la kulmi karaan dhibaatooyin halis ah ama naf-gooya, oo ay ku jiraan cudurrada wadnaha, istaroogga, dhibaatooyinka kelyaha, dhaawaca dareemaha, iyo dhibaatooyinka indhaha. Isticmaalka daawooyinka (yada), sameynta isbeddelada hab-nololeedka (tusaale, cuntada, jimicsiga, joojinta sigaar cabbista), iyo in si joogto ah loo hubiyo sonkorta dhiiggaaga ayaa gacan ka geysan karta maareynta sonkorowgaaga iyo hagaajinta caafimaadkaaga. Daaweyntani waxay sidoo kale yareyn kartaa fursadahaaga wadno qabad, istaroog, ama dhibaatooyin kale oo la xiriira sonkorowga sida kalyo-baxa, dhaawaca dareemaha (kabuubyo, lugaha qabow ama cagaha; hoos u dhaca awoodda galmada ee ragga iyo dumarka), dhibaatooyinka indhaha, oo ay ku jiraan isbeddelada ama aragga oo kaa luma, ama cirrid xannuun ah. Dhakhtarkaaga iyo bixiyeyaasha kale ee daryeelka caafimaad ayaa kaala hadli doona sida ugu wanaagsan ee loo maareeyo sonkorowgaaga.

Insulin-ta bini-aadamka waxay u timaadaa sidii xal (dareere) iyo ganaax (dareeraha leh qurubyada ku istaagi doona istaagga). in si subag ah loogu mudo (maqaarka hoostiisa). Insulin-ta bani'aadamka ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu duraa si subag ahaan ah dhowr jeer maalintii, in kabadan hal nooc oo insulin ah ayaa loo baahan karaa. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa kuu sheegi doona nooca (yada) insulin-ta aad isticmaali doontid, intee in le'eg insulin ayaa la isticmaali doonaa, iyo inta jeer ee la isku duro insulin-ta. Raac tilmaamahan si taxaddar leh. Ha u isticmaalin insulin wax ka yar ama ka yar ama ha u isticmaalin si ka badan inta dhakhtarku kuu qoray.

Insulin-ta bini-aadamka (Myxredlin, Humulin R U-100, Novolin R) ayaa sidoo kale lagu shubi karaa xididka (xididka) dhakhtar ama kalkaaliso caafimaad. Dhaqtar ama kalkaaliye caafimaad ayaa si taxaddar leh kaagala socon doona dhibaatooyinka soo raaca.

Insulin-ta bani’aadamka ayaa xakameysa sonkorta dhiigga ee sare laakiin ma daaweyso cudurka macaanka. Sii wad inaad isticmaasho insulin-ta aadanaha xitaa haddii aad caafimaad qabtid. Ha u joojin isticmaalka insulin adigoon la hadlin dhakhtarkaaga. Ha u beddelin nooc kale ama nooc insulin ah ama ha u beddelin qiyaasta nooc kasta oo insulin ah oo aad isticmaasho adigoon dhaqtarkaaga la hadlin.

Insulin-ta bani-aadamka waxay ku timaaddaa fijaanno, aaladaha dawada ee la tuuri karo prefilled, iyo kartoonada. Khaanadaha waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu dhejiyo qalimaanta qiyaasta daawada. Hubso inaad ogtahay nooca weelka insulintaadu ay soo gasho iyo waxayaabaha kale ee ay ka midka yihiin irbadaha, siriinjyada, ama qalimaanta, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad isku durto dawadaada. Hubso in magaca iyo warqadda ku jirta insulintaadu ay yihiin wixii dhakhtarkaagu kuu qoray.

Haddii insulin-taada aadanaha ay soo gasho weel, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad isticmaasho siriinjyo si aad isugu durto qiyaastaada. Hubso inaad ogtahay in insulin-ta aadamuhu tahay U-100 ama U-500 oo marwalba isticmaal saliinge loo calaamadeeyay insulin noocaas ah. Had iyo jeer isticmaal isla sumadda iyo qaabka irbadda iyo siliingaha. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha haddii aad qabtid su'aalo ku saabsan nooca saliingaha ay tahay inaad isticmaasho. Si taxaddar leh u akhri tilmaamaha soo-saaraha si aad u baratid sida insulinta loogu rido saliingaha oo aad ugu durto qiyaastaada. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha haddii aad qabtid su'aalo ku saabsan sida aad isugu durto qiyaastaada.

Haddii insulin-taada bani-aadamka ay ku soo gasho gulufyada, waxaad u baahan kartaa inaad u iibsato qalin insulin gooni ah. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha nooca qalinka ay tahay inaad isticmaasho. Si taxaddar leh u akhri tilmaamaha la socda qalinkaaga, oo weydii takhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha inuu ku tuso sida loo isticmaalo.

Haddii insulin-taada aadanaha ay soo gasho aaladda wax lagu kala iibsado ee la tuuri karo, si taxaddar leh u akhri tilmaamaha la socda aaladda. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha inuu ku tuso sida loo isticmaalo aaladda.

Marna dib ha u isticmaalin irbadaha ama sirinjeeriyada waligana ha la wadaagin irbadaha, irbadaha, kaydadka, ama qalimaanta. Haddii aad isticmaaleyso qalin insulin, marwalba cirbadda ka qaad isla marka aad durto qiyaastaada. Ku tuur cirbadaha iyo cirbadaha weel u adkaysata daloolka. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha sida loo tuuro weelka daloolka u adkaysta.

Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu kuu sheego inaad isku darto laba nooc oo insulin ah isla siliingaha. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa kuu sheegi doona sida saxda ah ee loogu rido labada nooc ee insulin-ta irbadaha. Raac tilmaamahan si taxaddar leh. Had iyo jeer ku soo qaad irbad isku mid ah insulin marka hore, mar walbana isticmaal isla nooc cirbado ah. Waligaa ha ku qasin wax ka badan hal nooc oo insulin ah silingaha dhexdiisa illaa uu takhtarku ku amro mooyee.

Had iyo jeer fiiri insulintaada aadanaha kahor intaadan durin. Haddii aad isticmaaleysid insulin insulin oo caadi ah (Humulin R, Novolin R), insulintu waa inay ahaataa mid saafi ah, midab lahayn, oo dheecaan leh sida biyaha. Ha isticmaalin insulinta noocan ah haddii ay u muuqato daruur, qaro weyn, ama midab leh, ama haddii ay leedahay qaybo adag. Haddii aad isticmaaleyso insulin-ta aadanaha ee NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N) ama insulin la sii daayey oo ay ku jiraan NPH (Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30), insulintu waa inay umuuqataa daruuro ama caano kadib markaad isku darto. Ha isticmaalin insulin-ta noocan ah haddii ay kuuskuus ku jiraan dareeraha ama haddii ay jiraan qaybo cad oo adag oo ku dheggan salka ama darbiyada dhalada. Ha isticmaalin nooc kasta oo insulin ah ka dib marka ay dhaafto taariikhda dhicitaanka ee lagu daabacay dhalada.

Noocyada insulin-ta bini-aadamka ah qaarkood waa in la ruxruxo ama la beddelo si loo qaso ka hor intaan la isticmaalin. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha haddii nooca insulin-ta aad isticmaaleyso ay tahay in la isku daro iyo sida aad isugu qasmi lahayd haddii loo baahdo.

Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha meesha aad ku durayso insulin-ta aadanaha. Waad ku duri kartaa insulin-taada caloosha, gacanta kore, lugta kore, ama badhida. Ha ku durin insuliinta aadanaha muruqyada, nabarrada, ama jiirarka. Isticmaal goob ka duwan duritaan kasta, ugu yaraan 1/2 inji (1.25 sentimitir) oo ka fog meeshii duritaanka hore lagu siiyay laakiin isla aagga guud (tusaale ahaan, bowdada). Isticmaal dhammaan boggaga la heli karo isla aagga guud ka hor intaadan u wareegin aag kale (tusaale ahaan, gacanta kore).

Daawadan waxaa loo qori karaa adeegsi kale. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.

Kahor isticmaalka insulin,

• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistaha haddii aad xasaasiyad ku leedahay nooc kasta oo insulin ah ama daawooyin kale ah.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistaha dawooyinka dhakhtarku qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin, fiitamiinnada, nafaqada nafaqada, iyo alaabta dhirta ah ee aad qaadanayso ama aad qorsheyneyso inaad qaadato.Hubso inaad sheegto mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: albuterol (Proair, Proventil, Ventolin, kuwa kale); alfa blockers sida doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin (Hytrin), tamsulosin (Flomax), iyo alfuzosin (Uroxatral); angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors sida benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril, (Aceon), quinap) , ramipril (Altace), iyo trandolapril (Mavik); angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) sida candesartan (Atacand), irbesartan (Avapro), losartan (Cozaar, in Hyzaar), valsartan (Diovan), kuwa kale; dawooyinka lidka diiqadda; asparaginase (Elspar); atypical antipsychotics sida aripiprazole (Abilify), clozapine (Clozaril, Fazaclo, Versacloz), olanzapine (Zyprexa, in Symbyax), risperidone (Risperdal), kuwa kale; beta blockers sida atenolol (Tenormin), carvedilol (Coreg), labetalol (Normodyne), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol (Corgard), pindolol, propranolol (Inderal), sotalol (Betapace, Sorine), iyo timolol Blo ); clonidine (Catapres, Kapvay); danazol; diazoxide (Proglycem); sibibramramide (Norpace); diuretics ('kaniiniyada biyaha'); fibrates sida fenofibrate (Fenoglide, Tricor, Trilipix), fenofibric acid (Fibricor), gemfibrozil (Lopid); isoniazid (gudaha Rifater, Rifamate); lithium; daawooyinka neefta iyo hargabka; daawooyinka cudurada maskaxda ama lallabbo; monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitorsada sida isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), iyo tranylcypromine (Parnate); ka hortagga uurka ee hormoonka (kaniiniyada ka hortagga uurka, balastarro, faraantiyo, irbado, ama galmo); niacin (Niacor, Niaspan, Slo-Niacin); octreotide (Sandostatin); dawooyinka afka laga qaato ee sonkorowga sida pioglitazone (Actos, in Actoplus Met iyo kuwa kale) iyo rosiglitazone (Avandia, Avandamet iyo kuwa kale); dawooyinka afka laga qaato sida dexamethasone (Decadron, Dexone), methylprednisolone (Medrol), iyo prednisone (Deltasone); pentamidine (Nebupent); pentoxifylline (Pentoxil); pramlintide (Symlin); Ka hortagayaasha HIV protease inhibitors (PI) sida atazanavir (Reyataz, in Evotaz), darunavir (Prezista), indinavir (Crixivan), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir; Kaletra, Viekira Pak, kuwa kale); quinine; quinidine; dawooyinka xanuunka salicylate sida asbiriinta; somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope, Zomacton, kuwa kale); antibiyootikada sulfa; terbutaline (Brethine); iyo dawooyinka tayroodhka. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo inuu beddelo qiyaasta daawooyinkaaga ama uu si taxaddar leh kuugu ilaaliyo dhibaatooyinka soo raaca.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad leedahay ama aad waligaa waxyeello neerfaha ah oo uu sababo sonkorowgu; wadnaha oo istaaga; ama wadnaha, adrenal (qanjirka yar ee kilyaha u dhow), pituitary (qanjidh yar oo maskaxda ku jira), tayroodh, beerka, ama cudur kalyaha ah.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad uur leedahay, qorsheyso inaad uur yeelato, ama aad naas nuujiso. Haddii aad uur yeelato intaad isticmaaleyso insulin-ta aadanaha, wac dhakhtarkaaga.
• haddii aad qalliin ku jirto, oo ay ku jiraan qalliinka ilkaha, u sheeg dhakhtarka ama dhakhtarka ilkaha in aad isticmaaleyso insulinta dadka.
• Aalkoladu waxay sababi kartaa hoos u dhac ku yimaada sonkorta dhiiga. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga wax ku saabsan isticmaalka aaminka ah ee cabitaannada khamriga ah inta aad isticmaaleyso insulin-ta aadanaha.
• Weydii dhakhtarkaaga waxa la sameeyo haddii aad xanuunsato, aad la kulanto culeys aan caadi ahayn, qorsheyso inaad ku dhex safarto aagagga waqtiga, ama aad beddesho jimicsigaaga iyo heerkaaga dhaqdhaqaaqa. Isbeddeladani waxay saameyn ku yeelan karaan sonkorta dhiiggaaga iyo xaddiga insulin-ta aadanaha ee aad u baahan karto.
• Weydii dhakhtarkaaga inta jeer ee ay tahay inaad iska hubiso sonkorta dhiiggaaga. Ogsoonow in hypoglycemia ay saameyn ku yeelan karto awoodaada inaad qabato howlo sida wadista oo weydii dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad hubiso sonkorta dhiiggaaga ka hor intaadan wadin ama aadan mishiinka wadin.

Hubso inaad raacdo dhammaan jimicsiga iyo talooyinka cuntada ee dhakhtarkaagu ama nafaqeeyahaagu kuu qoro. Waa muhiim in la cuno cunto caafimaad leh iyo in la cuno qiyaas isku mid ah noocyada cuntooyinka isku mid ah maalin kasta. Ka-boodidda ama dib-u-dhigista cuntada ama beddelidda qadarka ama nooca cuntada aad cunayso waxay dhibaato ku keeni kartaa xakamaynta sonkorta dhiiggaaga.

Marka ugu horeysa ee aad bilowdo isticmaalka insulin-ta bini-aadamka, weydii dhakhtarkaaga waxa la sameeyo haddii aad ilowdo inaad isku durto qadar ah waqtiga saxda ah. Qor jihooyinkaan si aad hadhow ugu tixraaci karto.

Dawadani waxay isbeddel ku keentaa sonkorta dhiiggaaga. Waa inaad ogaataa astaamaha sonkorta dhiiga oo hooseysa iyo kuwa sare iyo waxa la sameeyo haddii aad leedahay astaamahan.

Insulin-ta aadanaha waxay sababi kartaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:

• casaan, barar, iyo cuncun goobta duritaanka
• isbeddellada dareenka maqaarkaaga, maqaarka oo sii adkaada (dufanka oo kordha), ama niyad jab yar oo maqaarka ah (dufanka oo burbura)
• miisaanka oo kordha
• calool istaag

Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga:

• finan ama / cun cun jidhka oo dhan
• neefta oo ku qabata
• taahid
• dawakhaad
• aragga oo xumaada
• garaaca wadnaha
• dhidid
• neefsashada ama wax liqidda oo ku adkaata
• daciifnimo
• murqo xanuun
• garaaca wadnaha oo aan caadi ahayn
• miisaanka oo kordha muddo gaaban gudaheed
• bararka gacmaha, gacmaha, cagaha, anqawyada, ama lugaha hoose

Haddii aad isku aragto waxyeellooyin daran, adiga ama dhakhtarkaaga ayaa warbixin u diri kara Barnaamijka Ka Warbixinta Dhacdooyinka Xun ee Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka (FDA) (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) ama taleefan ( 1-800-332-1088).

Ku keydi fijaannada aan furin insulin-ta aadanaha, aaladaha dawada ee la tuuri karo ee aan la furin iyo qalimaanta insulin-ta aan la furin qaboojiyaha. Ha qaboojin insulinta aadanaha hana isticmaalin insulinta aadanaha ee barafoobay. Weelasha insulin-ta ee furan waa in lagu keydiyaa qaboojiyaha laakiin sidoo kale waxaa lagu keydin karaa heerkulka qolka, meel qabow oo ka fog kuleylka iyo qorraxda tooska ah. Ku kaydso qalimaanta insulin-ta bani'aadamka oo ay furto qalabka qiyaasta qiyaasta qolka. Hubi macluumaadka soo saaraha si aad u ogaato muddada aad ku hayn karto qalinkaaga ama qalabka qiyaasta daawada ka dib isticmaalka ugu horreeya.

Daawooyinka aan loo baahnayn waa in lagu tuuraa siyaabo gaar ah si loo hubiyo in xayawaanka, carruurta, iyo dadka kaleba aysan cuni karin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waa inaadan ku daadinin daawadan musqusha hoosteeda. Taabadalkeed, sida ugufiican ee dawada looga takhalusi karaa waa iyada oo loo maro barnaamijka dib u celinta daawada. La hadal farmashiistahaaga ama la xiriir waaxda qashinka / dib u warshadaynta si aad wax uga ogaato barnaamijyada dib-u-celinta ee bulshadaada. Ka eeg bogga internetka ee 'FDA ee Amni-Qaadashada Daawooyinka (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah haddii aadan marin u helin barnaamijka dib-u-celinta.

Waa muhiim inaad ka ilaaliso dhammaan daawooyinka meel aan la arkeynin oo aysan gaari karin carruurta maaddaama weelal badan (sida kuwa toddobaadlaha kiniiniga ka fiirsada iyo kuwa loogu talagalay dhibcaha isha, kareemada, dhejiyeyaasha, iyo kuwa neefta ku siiya) uma adkeysana carruurta, carruurta yaryarna si fudud ayey ku furi karaan. Si aad uga ilaaliso carruurta yaryar sunta, marwalba xiro daboolka badbaadada isla markaana isla markiiba dhig dawada meel aamin ah - mid kor iyo fog kana fog aragooda oo gaadha. http://www.upandaway.org

Xaalada xad dhaafka ah, wac khadka caawinta ka hortagga sunta 1-800-222-1222. Macluumaadka sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa internetka https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Haddii dhibbanuhu burburay, suuxdin qabtay, neefsashadu dhib ku tahay, ama aan la kici karin, isla markiiba wac adeegyada gurmadka ee 911.

Qiyaasta insulin-ta ee bini-aadamka waxay dhici kartaa haddii aad isticmaasho insulin aad u tiro badan ama haddii aad isticmaasho qaddarka saxda ah ee insulin-ta aadanaha laakiin aad wax ka cunto sidii caadiga ahayd ama aad jimicsi ka sameyso sidii caadiga ahayd. Qiyaasta insulin-ta bini-aadamka waxay sababi kartaa hypoglycemia. Haddii aad leedahay wax calaamado ah hypoglycemia, raac tilmaamaha dhakhtarkaaga ee wixii aad sameyn lahayd haddii aad ku dhacdo hypoglycemia. Calaamadaha kale ee xad dhaafka ah:

• miyir beelid
• qalal

Dhammaan ballamaha la dhig dhakhtarkaaga iyo shaybaarka. Sonkorta dhiiggaaga iyo glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) waa in si joogto ah loo hubiyaa si loo ogaado jawaabtaada insulin-ta aadanaha. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa sidoo kale kuu sheegi doona sida loo hubiyo jawaabtaada insuliinta bini'aadamka adiga oo cabbiraya heerarka sonkorta dhiiggaaga ama gurigaaga. Raac tilmaamahan si taxaddar leh.

Waa inaad marwalba xidhataa jijin aqoonsiga kaadi macaanka si loo hubiyo inaad hesho daaweyn sax ah markay tahay xaalad degdeg ah.

Ha u ogolaan qof kale inuu isticmaalo daawadaada. Weydii farmashiistahaaga wixii su'aalo ah ee aad ka qabto dib u soo celinta daawada laguu qoray.

Waxaa muhiim kuu ah inaad haysato liis qoran oo ku saabsan dhammaan daawooyinka laguu qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin (warqad dhakhtar la aan ah) ee aad qaadanaysid, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saar kasta sida fiitamiinnada, macdanta, ama nafaqooyinka kale ee nafaqada leh. Waa inaad soo qaadataa liiskan markasta oo aad booqato dhakhtar ama haddii isbitaal la dhigo. Sidoo kale waa macluumaad muhiim ah inaad lasocoto haddii ay jiraan xaalado deg deg ah.

• Humulin R^®
• Humulin N^®
• Humulin 70/30^®
• Humulin 50/50^®¶
• Humulin R U-500^®
• Myxredlin^®
• Novolin R^®
• Novolin N^®
• Novolin 70/30^®

^¶ Shaygaan sumadda leh kuma sii jiro suuqa. Beddelka guud ayaa la heli karaa.