Ritonavir

Qanacsan

• Kahor qaadashada ritonavir,
• Ritonavir wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:
• Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga ama aad u hesho daaweyn degdeg ah
• Calaamadaha xad-dhaafka ah waxaa ka mid noqon kara kuwa soo socda:

Ku qaadashada 'ritonavir' dawooyinka kale qaarkood waxay sababi kartaa waxyeelo halis ah ama nafta halis gelisa. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qaadanayso mid ka mid ah daawooyinka soo socda: daawooyinka khaldan sida dihydroergotamine (D.H.E 45, Migranal), ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot, Migergot), ergonovine, iyo methylergonovine (Methergine); daawooyinka loogu talagalay garaaca wadnaha aan caadiga ahayn sida amiodarone (Cordarone, Nexterone, Pacerone), flecainide, propafenone (Rhythmol), iyo quinidine (Nuedexta); iyo dawada dajinta ama kaniiniyada hurdada sida midazolam (Versed) iyo triazolam (Halcion). Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu kuu sheego inaadan qaadan ritonavir haddii aad qaadato mid ka mid ah daawooyinkaas.

Ritonavir waxaa loo isticmaalaa dawooyin kale si loogu daaweeyo infekshanka fayraska difaaca jirka ee aadanaha (HIV). Ritonavir wuxuu ku jiraa fasal dawooyin ah oo loo yaqaan 'protease inhibitors'. Waxay ku shaqeysaa iyadoo la yareeyo qadarka HIV ee dhiiga ku jira. In kasta oo ritonavir uusan bogsiinaynin HIV, waxay yareyn kartaa fursaddaada inaad kuhogasho cillad la'aanta cudurada jirka (AIDS) iyo cudurrada la xiriira HIV sida infekshannada halista ah ama kansarka. Qaadashada daawooyinkan oo ay weheliso ku-dhaqan galmo badbaado leh iyo isbeddello kale oo hab-nololeed ah ayaa yareyn kara halista u gudbinta fayraska HIV dadka kale.

Ritonavir wuxuu u yimaadaa sida kaabsol, kiniin, iyo xalka (dareeraha) afka lagu qaato. Waxaa badanaa la qaataa laba jeer maalintii cuntada. Si taxaddar leh u raac tilmaamaha ku qoran calaamadaha laguu qoray, oo weydii takhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha inuu kuu sharxo qayb kasta oo aadan fahmin. U qaado ritonavir sida saxda ee lagu faray. Ha ka qaadin wax ka yar ama ka yar ama u qaado si ka badan inta dhakhtarku kuu qoray.

Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kuugu bilaabi doonaa qadar yar oo ah ritonavir wuxuuna si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhin doonaa qiyaastaada, ugu badnaan badiyaa hal jeer 2 ilaa 3 maalmood. Raac tilmaamahan si taxaddar leh.

Kiniiniyada lagu liqo ritonavir oo dhan. Ha kala qaybin, calalin, ama burburin.

Haddii aad qaadanaysid xalka afka, isticmaal qaaddo cabbir qaadasho, siriinjo, ama koob si aad u cabirto qiyaasta saxda ah ee dareeraha ah ee loo baahan yahay qiyaas kasta. Ha isticmaalin qaadada caadiga ah ee guriga. Waad qaadan kartaa xalka kaligiis, ama waxaad ku wanaajin kartaa dhadhanka adoo ku qasaaya 8 wiqiyadood oo caano shukulaato ah ama ku dar noocyada cuntada ee loo yaqaan 'Ensure or Advera brand'. Haddii aad ku qasto daawada mid ka mid ah cabitaanadan, waa inaad cabtaa isku darka ugu badnaan 1 saac kadib markaad isku darto.

Haddii dhakhtarkaagu kuu sheego inaad joojiso qaadashada kaabsoosha 'ritonavir' oo aad bilowdo qaadashada kaniiniyada, waxaad la kulmi kartaa waxyeelo badan sida lallabbo, matag, calool xanuun, iyo shuban wax yar uun ka dib markaad beddesho. Calaamadahaasi way sii fiicnaan karaan markay jidhkaaga la qabsadaan kiniiniyada.

Sii wad inaad qaadato ritonavir xitaa haddii aad ladnaan dareento. Ha u joojin qaadashada ritonavir adigoon la hadlin dhakhtarkaaga. Haddii aad seegto qiyaasaha, aad qaadato wax ka yar inta laguu qoray, ama aad joojiso qaadashada ritonavir, xaaladdaadu way sii adkaan doontaa in la daweeyo.

Daawadan waxaa loo qori karaa adeegsi kale. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.

Kahor qaadashada ritonavir,

• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistaha haddii aad xasaasiyad ku leedahay ritonavir, dawooyinka kale, ama wax ka mid ah maaddooyinka ku jira kiniiniyada ritonavir, kaabsoosha, ama xalka. Weydii farmashiistahaaga liiska waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qaadanayso mid ka mid ah dawooyinka ku jira qaybta DIGNIIN MUHIIM AH ama mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: alfuzosin (Uroxatral), apalutamide (Erleada), cisapride (Propulsid) (aan laga heli karin Maraykanka), colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare) gudaha dadka qaba cudurka kalyaha ama beerka, dronedarone (Multaq), lomitapide (Juxtapid), lovastatin (Altoprev), lurasidone (Latuda), pimozide (Orap), ranolazine (Ranexa), sildenafil (kaliya magaca Revatio ee loo isticmaalo cudurka sambabka), simvastatin ( Zocor, in Vytorin), St. John's wort, ama voriconazole (Vfend). Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kuu sheegi doonaa inaadan qaadanin daawada 'ritonavir' haddii aad qaadanaysid mid ama in kabadan oo daawooyinkan ah.
• sidoo kale u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistaha dawooyinka kale ee dhakhtar qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin, fiitamiinada, iyo nafaqada nafaqada aad qaadanaysid ama qorsheyneyso inaad qaadato. Hubso inaad sheegto mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: daawooyinka xinjirowga lidka ku ah ('khafiifiyeyaasha dhiigga') sida warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven) iyo rivaroxaban (Xarelto); dawooyinka lidka diiqadda sida amitriptyline, bupropion (Aplenzin, Forfivo XL, Wellbutrin, Zyban, kuwa kale), desipramine (Norpramin), fluoxetine (Prozac), nefazodone, nortriptyline, paroxetine (Paxil), iyo trazodone; atovaquone (Mepron, Malarone); bedaquiline (Sirturo); beta-blockers sida metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL, gudaha Dutoprol, Lopressor HCT) iyo timolol; bosentan (Tracleer); buspirone; Kaalshiyamka kaaliyayaasha sida diltiazem (Cardizem, Cartia, Tiazac, kuwa kale), nifedipine (Adalat, Afeditab CR, Procardia), iyo verapamil (Calan, Covera, Verelan, Tarka); daawooyinka kalastarolka yareeya sida atorvastatin (Lipitor, in Caduet) iyo rosuvastatin (Crestor); clarithromycin (Biaxin, gudaha PrevPac); clorazepate (Gen-Xene, Tranxene); colchicine (Colcrys, Mitigare); dawooyinka qaarkood ee kansarka sida abemaciclib (Verzenio), dasatinib (Sprycel), umerafenib (Braftovi), ibrutinib (Imbruvica), ivosidenib (Tibsovo), neratinib (Nerlynx), nilotinib (Tasigna), venetoclax (Venclexine) ; dexamethasone; diazepam (Diastat, Valium); digoxin (Lanoxin); dronabinol (Marinol); elagolix (Orilissa); estazolam; fentanyl (Duragesic, Subsys), fostamatinib (Tavalisse), dawooyinka qaarkood ee hepatitis C virus (HCV) sida boceprevir (oo aan hadda laga helin Maraykanka; Victrelis), glecaprevir iyo pibrentasvir (Mavyret), iyo simeprevir (oo aan hadda laga heli karin Maraykanka) ; Olysio); itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox); ketoconazole (Nizoral); lidocaine (Lidoderm; oo ku jirta Xylocaine oo leh Epinephrine); daawooyinka kale ee HIV sida atazanavir (Reyataz, in Evotaz), darunavir (Prezista, in Prezcobix), delavirdine (Rescriptor), fosamprenavir (Lexiva), indinavir (Crixivan), maraviroc (Selzentry), saquinavir (Invirase) Aptivus); dawooyinka cillad la'aanta erectile sida avanafil (Stendra), sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Adcirca, Cialis), iyo vardenafil (Levitra); daawooyinka xakameynaya nidaamka difaaca jirka sida cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), sirolimus (Rapamune) iyo tacrolimus (Astagraf XL, Prograf); dawooyinka qaarkood ee suuxdinta sida carbamazepine (Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol, kuwa kale), clonazepam (Klonopin), divalproex (Depakote), ethosuximide (Zarontin), lamotrigine (Lamictal), iyo phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek); meperidine (Demerol); methadone (Dolophine, Methadose); methamphetamine (Desoxyn); mexiletine; perphenazine; quetiapine (Seroquel); quinine (Qualaquin); rifabutin (Mycobutin); rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, gudaha Rifamate, Rifater); risperidone; salmeterol (Serevent, Advair); steroids afka laga qaato ama la neefsado sida betamethasone, budesonide (Pulmicort), ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris), dexamethasone, fluticasone (Flonase, Flovent, Advair), methylprednisolone (Medrol). mometasone (Dulera). prednisone, iyo triamcinolone; theophylline (Theo 24, Uniphyl, kuwa kale); thioridazine; iyo zolpidem (Ambien, Edluar, Intermezzo, kuwa kale). Daawooyin kale oo badan ayaa sidoo kale la macaamili kara ritonavir, markaa hubi inaad u sheegto dhakhtarkaaga dhammaan daawooyinka aad qaadanaysid, xitaa kuwa aan ka muuqan liiskan. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo inuu beddelo qiyaasta daawooyinkaaga ama uu si taxaddar leh kuugu ilaaliyo dhibaatooyinka soo raaca.
• haddii aad qaadanayso joojinta afka ee ritonavir, sidoo kale u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qaadanayso disulfiram (Antabuse) ama metronidazole (Flagyl, Nuvessa, Vandazole).
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad leedahay ama aad waligaa qaadatay qadar dheeri ah oo QT ah (dhibaato wadnaha oo dhif ah oo sababi karta garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn, suuxdin, ama dhimasho lama filaan ah), sonkorowga, hemophilia, kolestaroolka sare ama triglycerides (dufanka) dhiigga ku jira, ama wadnaha ama cudurka beerka, oo ay ku jiraan cagaarshowga B ama C.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad uur leedahay, qorsheyso inaad uur yeelato, ama aad naas nuujiso. Haddii aad uur yeelato inta aad qaadanaysid ritonavir, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga. Waa inaadan naas nuujin haddii aad qabtid cudurka HIV ama haddii aad qaadaneyso ritonavir.
• waa inaad ogaataa in ritonavir ay yareyn karto waxtarka uur-qaadidda ee hormoonnada (kaniiniyada ka hortagga uurka, dhejisyo, giraanyo, ama cirbado). Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga isticmaalka nooc kale oo ah ka hortagga uurka.
• waa inaad ka warqabtaa in dufanka jirkaagu uu kordhin karo ama u dhaqaaqi karo meelo kala duwan oo jirkaaga ka mid ah, sida dhabarka kore, qoorta ('' buffalo hump ''), naasaha, iyo calooshaada ku wareegsan. Waxaad dareemi kartaa luminta dufanka jirka ee wajiga, lugaha, iyo gacmaha.
• waa inaad ogaataa inaad la kulmi karto hyperglycemia (kordhinta sonkorta dhiiggaaga) inta aad qaadanaysid dawadan, xitaa haddii aadan horey u qabin cudurka macaanka. Isla markiiba u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamahan soo socda inta aad qaadanayso ritonavir: harraad aad u daran, kaadi badan, gaajo aad u daran, aragga oo xumaada, ama daciifnimo. Aad ayey muhiim u tahay inaad wacdid dhakhtarkaaga isla marka aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamahan, maxaa yeelay sonkorta dhiigga ee sareysa ee aan la daaweyn waxay sababi kartaa xaalad halis ah oo loo yaqaan ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis wuxuu noqon karaa mid nafta halis geliya haddii aan lagu daaweyn marxaladda hore. Calaamadaha lagu garto ketoacidosis waxaa ka mid ah afka oo qalala, lallabbo iyo matag, neefta oo ku qabata, neefta oo urta miraha, iyo miyirka oo yaraada.
• Waa inaad ogaataa inta aad qaadanaysid dawooyinka lagu daaweynayo infekshinka HIV, nidaamkaaga difaaca ayaa laga yaabaa inuu sii xoogeysto oo uu bilaabo inuu la dagaallamo infekshannada kale ee horey ugu jiray jirkaaga. Tani waxay kugu sababi kartaa inaad yeelato calaamadaha infekshannadaas. Haddii aad leedahay calaamado cusub ama ka sii daraya ka dib markii aad bilawday daaweynta ritonavir, hubi inaad u sheegto dhakhtarkaaga.

Ilaa dhakhtarkaagu si kale u sheego mooyee, sii wad cuntadaada caadiga ah.

Qaado qiyaasta la seegay isla marka aad xasuusatoba. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii ay ku dhowdahay waqtiga qiyaasta xigta, ka bood qiyaasta la seegay oo sii wad jadwalka daawadaada caadiga ah. Ha qaadan laba-qaadasho si aad uhesho mid kaa dhaafay.

Ritonavir wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:

• lulmid
• shuban
• gaaska
• laabjeex
• beddelidda awoodda dhadhaminta cuntada
• madax xanuun
• kabuubyo, gubasho, ama cuncun gacmaha, cagaha, ama agagaarka afka ah
• murqaha ama kalagoysyada oo xanuuna
• calool xanuun, lallabbo, iyo matag

Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga ama aad u hesho daaweyn degdeg ah

• maqaarka oo bararo ama diirma
• finan
• finan
• bararka indhaha, wejiga, carrabka, bushimaha, ama cunaha
• dhuunta oo la adkeeyo
• neefsashada ama wax liqidda oo ku adkaata
• lallabbo
• matagid
• calool xanuun
• daal fara badan
• tamar la’aan
• cunto xumo
• xanuun qeybta kore ee midig ee caloosha
• hurdi maqaarka ama indhaha
• dawakhaad
• madax wareer
• miyir beelid
• garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn

Haddii aad isku aragto waxyeellooyin daran, adiga ama dhakhtarkaaga ayaa warbixin u diri kara Barnaamijka Ka Warbixinta Dhacdooyinka Xun ee Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka (FDA) (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) ama taleefan ( 1-800-332-1088).

Ritonavir wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo kale. Wac dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabtid dhibaatooyin aan caadi ahayn intaad qaadanaysid dawadan.

Daawadan ku hay weelka ay soo gashay, si adag u xir, iyo meel aysan carruurtu gaarin. Ku keydi kiniiniyada iyo xalka heerkulka qolka. Ha qaboojiyaha xalka hana u oggolaan inuu aad u kululaado ama aad u qabow. Waxaa ugufiican in lakafeeyo kaabsalka ritonavir, laakiin sidoo kale waad ku keydin kartaa heerkulka qolka ilaa 30 maalmood.

Waa muhiim inaad ka ilaaliso dhammaan daawooyinka meel aan la arkeynin oo aysan gaari karin carruurta maaddaama weelal badan (sida kuwa toddobaadlaha kiniiniga ka fiirsada iyo kuwa loogu talagalay dhibcaha isha, kareemada, dhejiyeyaasha, iyo kuwa neefta ku siiya) uma adkeysana carruurta, carruurta yaryarna si fudud ayey ku furi karaan. Si aad uga ilaaliso carruurta yaryar sunta, marwalba xiro daboolka badbaadada isla markaana isla markiiba dhig dawada meel aamin ah - mid kor iyo fog kana fog aragooda oo gaadha. http://www.upandaway.org

Daawooyinka aan loo baahnayn waa in lagu tuuraa siyaabo gaar ah si loo hubiyo in xayawaanka, carruurta, iyo dadka kaleba aysan cuni karin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waa inaadan ku daadinin daawadan musqusha hoosteeda. Taabadalkeed, sida ugufiican ee dawada looga takhalusi karaa waa iyada oo loo maro barnaamijka dib u celinta daawada. La hadal farmashiistahaaga ama la xiriir waaxda qashinka / dib u warshadaynta si aad wax uga ogaato barnaamijyada dib-u-celinta ee bulshadaada. Ka eeg bogga internetka ee 'FDA ee Amni-Qaadashada Daawooyinka (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah haddii aadan marin u helin barnaamijka dib-u-celinta.

Xaalada xad dhaafka ah, wac khadka caawinta ka hortagga sunta 1-800-222-1222. Macluumaadka sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa internetka https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Haddii dhibbanuhu burburay, suuxdin qabtay, neefsashadu dhib ku tahay, ama aan la kici karin, isla markiiba wac adeegyada gurmadka ee 911.

Waxay si gaar ah muhiim u tahay in la helo caawimaad caafimaad isla markaaba haddii ilmuhu cabbo wax ka badan qiyaasta caadiga ah ee xalka. Xalku wuxuu ka koobanyahay qamri aad u tiro badan oo waxyeelo weyn u keeni kara ilmaha.

Calaamadaha xad-dhaafka ah waxaa ka mid noqon kara kuwa soo socda:

• kabuubyo, gubasho, ama ruxruxasho gacmaha ama cagaha

Dhammaan ballamaha la dhig dhakhtarkaaga iyo shaybaarka. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa amri doona baaritaano shaybaar oo qaarkood ah si loo hubiyo jawaabtaada 'ritonavir'.

Ha u ogolaan qof kale inuu qaato daawadaada. Weydii farmashiistahaaga wixii su'aalo ah ee aad ka qabto dib u soo celinta daawada laguu qoray.

Waxaa muhiim kuu ah inaad haysato liis qoran oo ku saabsan dhammaan daawooyinka laguu qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin (warqad dhakhtar la aan ah) ee aad qaadanaysid, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saar kasta sida fiitamiinnada, macdanta, ama nafaqooyinka kale ee nafaqada leh. Waa inaad soo qaadataa liiskan markasta oo aad booqato dhakhtar ama haddii isbitaal la dhigo. Sidoo kale waa macluumaad muhiim ah inaad lasocoto haddii ay jiraan xaalado deg deg ah.

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