Barar sanbabka

Barar sambabka waa dheecaan aan caadi ahayn oo sambabaha ku dhaca. Kordhinta dheecaankaani waxay horseedaa neefta oo gaabisa.

Bararka sambabada badanaa waxaa sababa wadno xanuun wadnaha ah. Marka wadnuhu uusan awoodin inuu si waxtar leh u soo tuuro, dhiiggu wuxuu dib ugu soo laaban karaa xididdada dhiigga ka qaada sambabbada.

Marka cadaadiska xididadan dhiigga ahi uu kordho, dheecaanka ayaa lagu riixayaa meelaha hawada ah (alveoli) ee sanbabada. Dheecaankani wuxuu yareeyaa dhaqdhaqaaqa oksijiinta caadiga ah ee sambabaha. Labadan arrimood ayaa isbiirsaday waxay sababaan neefta oo gaabisa.

Wadno qabad la'aanta wadnaha ee keenta bararka sambabka waxaa sababi kara:

• Wadne qabad, ama cudur kasta oo wadnaha ah oo daciifa ama adkeeya murqaha wadnaha (cardiomyopathy)
• Daadinta ama qalfoofyada wadnaha oo yaraada (mitral or aortic valves)
• Si kedis ah, dhiig kar daran (dhiig kar)

Bararka sambabada sidoo kale waxaa sababi kara:

• Daawooyinka qaarkood
• Soo-gaadhista joog sare
• Kelyaha oo hawl gab
• Halbowleyaasha cidhiidhiga ah ee dhiigga u keena kilyaha
• Waxyeellada sambabka ee ay keento gaaska sunta ah ama infekshan daran
• Dhaawac weyn

Calaamadaha bararka sambabaha waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Qufac dhiig ama xinjir dhiig leh
• Neefsashada oo ku adkaata markaad jiifto (orthopnea)
• Dareemida "gaajo hawo ah" ama "qaraq" (Dareenkan waxaa loo yaqaan "paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea" haddii ay kugu keento inaad hurdada ka kacdo 1 ilaa 2 saacadood ka dib markaad seexato oo aad halgan ugu jirto sidii aad neefta u qabsan lahayd.)
• Hadh, cabaad, ama dhawaaqyo neefsasho leh
• Dhibaatooyinka ku hadlaya jumladaha buuxa neefta oo ku qabata awgeed

Calaamadaha kale waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Welwel ama degganaan la'aan
• Hoos u dhaca heerka feejignaanta
• Lug ama calool barar
• Maqaarka cirro leh
• Dhidid (xad dhaaf ah)

Bixiyaha daryeelka caafimaadku wuxuu sameyn doonaa baaritaan jireed oo dhameystiran.

Bixiyuhu wuxuu ku dhagaysan doonaa sambabahaaga iyo wadnahaaga stethoscope si uu u hubiyo:

• Dhawaaqyada wadnaha oo aan caadi ahayn
• Dildilaaca sanbabadaada, oo loo yaqaan rales
• Kordhinta garaaca wadnaha (tachycardia)
• Neefsasho degdeg ah (tachypnea)

Waxyaabaha kale ee laga yaabo in la arko inta imtixaanku socdo waxaa ka mid ah:

• Lug ama calool barar
• Cilladaha xididdada qoortaaga (oo tusi kara in dheecaan badan ku jiro jirkaaga)
• Midab maqaarka oo midabkoodu yahay midab khafiif ah ama buluug ah

Imtixaanada suuragalka ah waxaa ka mid ah:

• Farmashiyeyaasha dhiiga
• Heerarka oksijiinta dhiigga (oximetry ama gaasaska dhiigga ee xididdada dhiigga)
• Raajo xabadka ah
• Tirinta dhiigga oo dhameystiran (CBC)
• Echocardiogram (ultrasound-ka wadnaha) si loo arko haddii ay jiraan dhibaatooyin muruqa wadnaha
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) si loo raadiyo astaamaha wadno qabadka ama dhibaatooyinka wadnaha garaaca

Bararka sambabada waxaa had iyo jeer lagu daaweeyaa qolka gurmadka ama isbitaalka. Waxaad u baahan kartaa inaad ku jirto qaybta daryeelka degdegga ah (ICU).

• Ogsijiin waxaa lagaa siiyaa maaskaro wajiga ama tuubooyin caag ah oo yaryar ayaa sanka la galiyaa.
• Tuubo neefsasho ayaa laga yaabaa in la galiyo qiiqa hawo-mareenka (trachea) markaa waxaad ku xirmi kartaa mashiinka neefsashada (hawo-mareenka) haddii aadan si fiican u neefsan karin kaligaa.

Sababta bararka waa in la aqoonsadaa oo dhakhso loo daaweeyaa. Tusaale ahaan, haddii wadno-qabad uu sababay xaaladda, waa in isla markiiba la daaweeyaa.

Daawooyinka la isticmaali karo waxaa ka mid ah:

• Diuretics-ka oo dheecaanka xad-dhaafka ah ka saara jirka
• Daawooyinka xoojiya murqaha wadnaha, xakameeya garaaca wadnaha, ama yareeya cadaadiska wadnaha
• Daawooyinka kale marka wadnuhu istaago sabab uma aha bararka sambabka

Aragtida waxay kuxirantahay sababta. Xaaladda ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka soo raynayso si dhakhso ah ama gaabis ah. Dadka qaarkiis waxay u baahan karaan inay isticmaalaan mashiinka neefsashada muddo dheer. Haddii aan la daweyn, xaaladdan waxay noqon kartaa mid nafta halis gelisa.

Aad qolka gargaarka degdegga ah ama wac 911 ama lambarka gurmadka degdegga ah ee deegaanka haddii aad dhibaato ku qabtid neefsashada.

U qaado dhammaan daawooyinkaaga sida lagu faray haddii aad qabtid cudur u horseedi kara barar sambabka ama muruqyada wadnaha oo daciifa.

Raacitaanka cunno caafimaad leh oo milix iyo dufan ku yar tahay, iyo xakameynta waxyaabaha kale ee halista keena waxay yareyn kartaa halista ah inuu ku dhaco xaaladan.

Ciriiriga sambabka; Biyaha sambabaha; Saxmada sambabada; Wadne istaag - barar sambabka

• Sambabada
• Nidaamka neefsashada

Felker GM, Teerlink JR. Baadhista iyo maaraynta wadno xanuun ba'an. Gudaha: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Cudurka Wadnaha ee Braunwald: Buugga Buugta Daawada Wadnaha iyo Xididdada. 11aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: cutubka 24.

Matthay MA, Murray JF. Barar sanbabka. Gudaha: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray iyo Nadel Buugga Buugga Caafimaadka Neefsashada. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: cutubka 62.

Rogers JG, O’Connor CM. Wadnaha oo istaaga: cilmu-nafsiga iyo ogaanshaha cudurka. Gudaha: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 26aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: baab 52.