Hypercalcemia

Hypercalcemia macnaheedu waxa weeye inaad leedahay kaalshiyam aad u badan oo dhiigaaga ah.

Hormoonka Parathyroid (PTH) iyo Vitamin D ayaa caawiya maareynta isu dheelitirka kaalshiyamka ee jirka.

• PTH waxaa sameeya qanjidhada parathyroid. Kuwani waa afar qanjirro yaryar oo ku yaal qoorta gadaasheeda qanjirka 'thyroid'.
• Faytamiin D waxaa la helaa marka maqaarku u soo baxo iftiinka qoraxda, iyo ilaha cuntada ama nafaqada.

Sababta ugu badan ee keenta heerka dhiigga kaalshiyamka sare waa xad dhaaf PTH oo ay sii daayaan qanjidhada parathyroid. Kordhintaani waxay u sabab tahay:

• Ballaarinta mid ama ka badan qanjidhada 'parathyroid'.
• Koritaanka mid ka mid ah qanjidhada. Inta badan, koritaanadani waa kuwo aan fiicnayn (kansar ma aha).

Heerka dhiigga kaalshiyamku sidoo kale wuu sarreeyaa haddii jidhkaagu ku yar yahay dareerayaasha ama biyaha.

Xaaladaha kale sidoo kale waxay sababi karaan hypercalcemia:

• Noocyada kansarka qaarkood, sida kansarka sanbabada iyo naasaha, ama kansarka ku faafay xubnahaaga.
• Faytamiin D aad u badan oo ku jira dhiiggaaga (hypervitaminosis D).
• Inaadan dhaqaaqin sariirta maalmo badan ama usbuucyo (badiyaa carruurta).
• Kaalshiyam badan ayaa ku jirta cuntadaada. Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa caano-alkali syndrome. Badanaa waxay dhacdaa marka qofku qaato in ka badan 2000 oo miligram oo ah kaalshiyam bicarbonate dheeri ah maalintii oo ay weheliso qadar sare oo ah Vitamin D.
• Qanjirka 'thyroid' qanjirka 'thyroid'.
• Cudurka kelyaha ee joogtada ah ama kalyaha oo shaqeynaya.
• Daawooyinka sida lithium iyo thiazide diuretics (kaniiniyada biyaha).
• Infekshannada qaarkood ama dhibaatooyinka caafimaad sida, cudurka Paget, qaaxada iyo sarcoidosis.
• Xaalad dhaxal gal ah oo saameysa awooda jirka ee maaraynta kaalshiyamka.

Ragga iyo dumarka da 'kasta ha lahaadeene waxay yeelan karaan heerka kaalshiyamka dhiiga oo sareeya. Si kastaba ha noqotee, wuxuu ku badan yahay dumarka ka weyn da'da 50 (dhalmo-dayska ka dib). Xaaladaha badankood, tan waxaa ugu wacan qanjirka 'parathyroid gland' oo aad u kacsan.

Xaaladda badanaa waxaa lagu ogaadaa marxaladda hore iyadoo la adeegsanayo baaritaannada dhiigga ee caadiga ah. Dadka badankood ma laha wax astaamo ah.

Calaamadaha lagu garto heerka kaalshiyamka oo sareeya way kala duwanaan karaan, iyadoo kuxiran sababta iyo inta dhibaatadu jirtay. Waxay ka mid noqon karaan:

• Calaamadaha dheefshiidka, sida lallabbo ama matag, cunto xumo, ama calool istaag
• Haraad badan ama kaadi badan oo soo noqnoqota, isbadalada kalyaha
• Murqaha oo daciifa ama kala-goysyo
• Isbedelada sida maskaxdaadu u shaqeyso, sida inaad dareento daal ama daal ama wareer
• Lafa xanuun iyo lafo jilicsan oo si fudud u jaba

Cilad sax ah ayaa looga baahan yahay cudurka 'hypercalcemia'. Dadka qaba dhagxaanta kelyaha waa inay maraan baaritaano si loo qiimeeyo cudurka 'hypercalcemia'.

• Kalsiyum dhiig ah
• Serum PTH
• Serum PTHrP (borotiinka la xiriira PTH)
• Heerka fitamiin D-ga
• Kaadi kalsiyum

Daaweynta waxaa loola jeedaa sababta keenta hypercalcemia markasta oo ay suurtagal tahay. Dadka qaba cudurka 'hyperparathyroidism' aasaasiga ah (PHPT) waxay u baahan karaan qalliin si looga saaro qanjirka 'parathyroid' ee aan caadiga ahayn. Tani waxay daaweyn doontaa hypercalcemia.

Dadka qaba hypercalcemia fudud waxay awoodi karaan inay si dhaw ula socdaan xaalada waqti dheer daaweyn la'aan.

Haweenka ku jira dayska, daaweynta estrogen mararka qaarkood way beddeli kartaa hypercalcemia fudud.

Cudurka 'hypercalcemia' daran ee sababa astaamaha una baahan joogitaanka isbitaalka waxaa lagu daaweyn karaa waxyaabaha soo socda:

• Dareerayaasha xididka mara - Tani waa daaweynta ugu muhiimsan.
• Calcitonin.
• Dialis, haddii dhaawac kelyaha ku lug leeyahay.
• Dawada dura, sida furosemide.
• Daawooyinka joojiya burburka lafaha iyo nuugista jirka (bisphosphonates).
• Glucocorticoids (steroids).

Sida ugu wanaagsan ee aad wax u qabato waxay kuxirantahay sababta keenta heerkaaga kaalshiyamka sareeya. Aragtida ayaa ufiican dadka qaba hyperparathyroidism khafiif ah ama hypercalcemia oo leh sabab la daweyn karo. Inta badan, ma jiraan wax dhibaatooyin ah.

Dadka qaba cudurka 'hypercalcemia' oo ay ugu wacan tahay xaalado ay ka mid yihiin kansarka ama sarcoidosis si fiican uma wanaagsana. Tani badanaa waxay sabab u tahay cudurka laftiisa, halkii laga heli lahaa heerka kaalshiyamka ee sarreeya.

GASTROINTESTINAL

• Qanjirada
• Cudurka boogta ee Peptic

KELO

• Kalsiyum ayaa ku jira kilyaha (nephrocalcinosis) oo sababa shaqo xumo kilyaha
• Fuuqbax
• Dhiig kar
• Kelyaha oo hawl gab
• Dhagaxaanta kilyaha

Cilmu-nafsiga

• Niyad jab
• Dhibaato ka-fiirsashada ama fikirka

MAQAALKA

• Lafaha lafaha
• Jabka
• Cudurka Osteoporosis

Dhibaatooyinkan muddada dheer ee hypercalcemia waa wax aan caadi ahayn maanta dalal badan.

La xiriir daryeelahaaga caafimaadka haddii aad leedahay:

• Taariikhda qoyska ee hypercalcemia
• Taariikhda qoyska ee hyperparathyroidism
• Calaamadaha cudurka 'hypercalcemia'

Inta badan sababaha keena hypercalcemia lama hor istaagi karo. Haweenka ka weyn da'da 50 waa inay si joogto ah u arkaan daryeel bixiyahooda oo ay iska hubiyaan heerka kaalshiyamka dhiiggooda haddii ay leeyihiin astaamaha hypercalcemia.

Kala hadal bixiyahaaga qiyaasta saxda ah haddii aad qaadanaysid kaalshiyam iyo fitamiin D-ga.

Kaalshiyam - kor u kacsan; Heerka kaalshiyamka sare; Hyperparathyroidism - hypercalcemia

• Hypercalcemia - dheecaan

• Qanjirada 'Endocrine'

Aronson JK. Vitamin D analogues. Gudaha: Aronson JK, ed. Saamaynta Meyler ee Daroogooyinka. 16aad. Waltham, MA: Elsevier B.V .; 2016: 487-487.

Coleman RE, Brown J, Holen I. Metastases lafaha. Gudaha: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: baab 56.

Darr EA, Sritharan N, Pellitteri PK, Sofferman RA, Randolph GW. Maareynta cudurada parathyroid. Gudaha: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund V, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Qalliinka Madaxa iyo Qoorta. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: cutubka 124.

Thakker RV. Qanjirka 'parathyroid', 'hypercalcemia', iyo hypocalcemia. Gudaha: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 26aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 232.