Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'

Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' waa kansar ka bilaabma qanjirka 'prostate'. Qanjirka 'prostate' waa qaab dhismeed yar oo u eg walnut oo ka kooban qayb ka mid ah nidaamka taranka ninka. Waxay ku wareegsan tahay kaadi mareenka, tuubbada kaadi ka qaadda jirka.

Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' waa sababta ugu badan ee keenta dhimashada kansarka ragga ka weyn da'da 75. Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' waxaa dhif ah in laga helo ragga da'doodu ka yar tahay 40 sano.

Dadka halista ugu jira waxaa ka mid ah:

• Ragga Afrikaanka Ameerikaanka ah, ee waliba u badan inay ku dhacaan kansarkan da 'kasta
• Ragga ka weyn da'da 60 sano
• Ragga leh aabe ama walaal qaba kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'

Dadka kale ee halista ugu jira waxaa ka mid ah:

• Ragga ku sugnaa Agent Orange
• Ragga cuna cuntooyinka dufanka badan, gaar ahaan dufanka xoolaha
• Raga buuran

Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' waa ku yar yahay dadka aan cunin hilibka (khudradda).

Dhibaatada guud ee ragga oo dhan markay gaboobaan waa qanjirka 'prostate'. Tan waxaa loo yaqaan 'benign prostatic hyperplasia', ama BPH. Kici maayo halista kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'. Laakiin, waxay kordhin kartaa natiijada tijaabada dhiigga ee antigen (PSA) gaar ah.

Marka hore ee kansarka qanjirka 'prostate', badanaa ma laha astaamo.

Baaritaanka dhiigga PSA waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu sameeyo si ragga looga baaro kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'. Badanaa, heerka PSA wuu kacaa kahor intaanay jirin wax calaamado ah.

Calaamadaha hoos ku qoran waxay ku dhici karaan kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' maadaama uu ku sii weynaanayo qanjirka 'prostate'. Astaamahaan waxaa sidoo kale sababi kara dhibaatooyinka kale ee qanjirka 'prostate':

• Daahitaan ama gaabis ah socodka socodka kaadi mareenka
• Kaadida ama daadashada kaadida, badanaa badiyaa ka dib marka la kaadsho
• Qunyar socodka kaadida
• Cadaadis markaad kaadido, ama aadan awoodin inaad faaruqiso dhamaan kaadida
• Dhiig ku jira kaadida ama shahwada

Marka kansarku fido, waxaa jiri kara lafo xanuun ama jilicsanaan, badiyaa dhabarka hoose iyo lafaha miskaha.

Baaritaanka malawadka dhijitaalka ah ee aan caadiga ahayn ayaa noqon kara calaamadaha kaliya ee kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'.

Cad ka-qaadis ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado haddii aad qabto kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'. Cad ka-qaadis (biopsy) ayaa ah nidaam lagaga soo qaadayo qayb ka mid ah unugyada qanjirka 'prostate'. Muunada waxaa loo dirayaa shaybaar si loo baaro. Waxaa lagu sameyn doonaa xafiiska dhakhtarkaaga.

Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kugula talin karaa biopsy haddii:

• Waxaad leedahay heer sare PSA
• Imtixaanka malawadka dhijitaalka ah wuxuu muujinayaa dusha sare ama aan sinnayn

Natiijada ka soo-baabista ayaa la soo sheegay iyadoo la adeegsanayo waxa loo yaqaan 'Gleason grade' iyo dhibcaha 'Gleason score'.

Darajada Gleason waxay kuu sheegaysaa sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee kansarku u faafi karo. Wuxuu buundooyin ku siinayaa miisaanka 1 illaa 5. Waxaad ku yeelan kartaa buundooyin kala duwan oo kansar ah hal sambal oo tijaabo ah. Labada darajo ee ugu caansan ayaa la isku daraa. Tani waxay ku siinaysaa dhibcaha Gleason. Markay sare u kacdo dhibcahaaga 'Gleason', ayay u badan tahay inuu kansarku ku faafo meel ka baxsan qanjirka 'prostate':

• Buundooyinka 2 illaa 6: Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' ee heerka hoose.
• Dhibcaha 7: Dhexdhexaad- (ama dhexda) kansarka fasalka. Inta badan kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' ayaa ku dhaca kooxdan.
• Buundooyinka 8 illaa 10: Kansarka heerka sare ah.

Nidaam kale oo qiimeyn ah, Nidaamka Kooxda 5 Fasalka wuxuu si fiican uga shaqeeyaa sharraxaadda sida kansarku u dhaqmi doono ugana jawaabi doono daaweynta:

• Fasalka 1: Gleason score 6 ama ka hooseeya (kansarka darajada hoose)
• Kooxda Darajada 2: Gleason dhibcaha 3 + 4 = 7 (kansarka heerka dhexe)
• Kooxda Darajada 3: Gleason dhibcaha 4 + 3 = 7 (kansarka heerka dhexe)
• Fasalka 4: Gleason score 8 (kansarka heerka sare)
• Fasalka 5: Gleason wuxuu dhaliyaa 9 ilaa 10 (kansar heer sare ah)

Koox hoose waxay muujineysaa fursad ka wanaagsan oo daaweynta lagu guuleysto marka loo eego koox sare. Koox ka sarreysa macnaheedu waa in badan oo unugyada kansarku u muuqdaan kuwo ka duwan unugyada caadiga ah. Koox ka sareyso sidoo kale waxay la micno tahay inay u badan tahay in burada si xoog leh u faafo.

Tijaabooyinka soo socda ayaa la samayn karaa si loo ogaado in kansarku faafay iyo in kale:

• CT iskaanka
• Baadhitaanka lafaha
• Skaanka MRI

Baaritaanka dhiigga PSA sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali doonaa in lagula socdo kansarkaaga daaweynta ka dib.

Daaweyntu waxay kuxirantahay waxyaabo badan, oo ay kujiraan dhibcahaaga Gleason iyo caafimaadkaaga guud. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa kaala hadli doona fursadaha daaweyntaada.

Haddii kansarku uusan ku faafin banaanka qanjirka 'prostate', daaweynta caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah:

• Qalliinka (qanjirka 'prostatectomy')
• Daaweynta shucaaca, oo ay kujirto bir-ku-daaweynta iyo daaweynta proton

Haddii aad da 'weyn tahay, dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kugula talin karaa inaad si fudud ula socoto kansarka baaritaanka PSA iyo ka-qaadista.

Daaweynta hormoonka waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa kansarka ku faafay meel ka baxsan qanjirka 'prostate'. Waxay ka caawisaa yareynta astaamaha waxayna ka hortagtaa koritaanka iyo faafitaanka kansarka. Laakiin ma daaweyso kansarka.

Haddii kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' uu fido xitaa ka dib daaweynta hoormoonka, qalliinka, ama shucaaca la isku dayo, daaweynta waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Dawaynta kimikalka
• Immunotherapy (daawo kicisa habka difaaca jirka si loo weeraro loona dilo unugyada kansarka)

Qalliinka, daaweynta shucaaca, iyo daaweynta hoormoonka ayaa saameyn ku yeelan kara waxqabadkaaga galmada. Dhibaatooyinka la xiriira xakamaynta kaadida waa suurtagal qalliinka ka dib iyo daaweynta shucaaca. Kala hadal waxaad ka walwalsan tahay daryeel caafimaad bixiyahaaga.

Daaweynta ka dib kansarka qanjirka 'prostate', si dhow ayaa lagugula socon doonaa si loo hubiyo in kansarku uusan faafin. Tani waxay ku lug leedahay baaritaannada joogtada ah, oo ay ku jiraan baaritaanka dhiigga ee PSA (badanaa 3dii biloodba illaa 1 sano).

Waad yareyn kartaa diiqada jirrada adoo ku biiraya kooxda taageerta kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'. La wadaagida dadka kale ee leh khibradaha guud iyo dhibaatooyinka ayaa kaa caawin kara inaadan kali dareemin.

Sida ugu wanaagsan ee aad wax u qabato waxay kuxirantahay inuu kansarku ku faafay banaanka qanjirka 'prostate' iyo sida aan caadiga ahayn unugyada kansarku (dhibcaha Gleason) marka lagugu ogaado.

Daaweyn ayaa suuragal ah haddii kansarku uusan faafin. Daaweynta hoormoonka waxay hagaajin kartaa badbaadada, xitaa haddii daawo aan suurtagal ahayn.

Kala hadal faa'iidooyinka iyo faa'iido darrooyinka baarista PSA bixiyahaaga daryeelka caafimaadka.

Kala hadal adeeg bixiyahaaga siyaabaha suurtagalka ah ee lagu yareyn karo halista kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid noqon kara cabirrada qaab nololeedka, sida cuntada iyo jimicsiga.

Ma jiraan wax daawo ah oo ay ansixisay FDA si looga hortago kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'.

Kansarka - qanjirka 'prostate'; Biopsy - qanjirka 'prostate'; Cad ka-qaadista qanjirka 'prostate'; Gleason score

• Shucaaca miskaha - dheecaan
• Daaweynta qanjirka 'prostate' - dheecaan
• Daaweynta shucaaca - su'aalaha aad weydiin karto dhakhtarkaaga
• Qanjirka 'prostatectomy' - dheecaan

• Jirka anatomy taranka
• Mareenka kaadi mareenka
• BPH
• Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'
• Baaritaanka dhiigga ee PSA
• Prostatectomy - Taxane
• Qalitaanka Transurethral ee qanjirka 'prostate' (TURP) - Taxanaha

Websaydhka Ururka Urolojiga Mareykanka. Tijaabinta PSA ee ku aaddan daweynta iyo maaraynta kadib daaweynta kansarka qanjirka 'prostate': 2013 Dib-u-eegis ee Bayaanka Hab-dhaqanka ugu Fiican. www.auanet.org/guidelines/prostate-specific-antigen-(psa)-best-practice-statement. La helay Diseembar 5, 2019.

Websaytka Ururka Urolojiga Mareykanka. Ogaanshaha hore ee kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' (2018): tilmaamaha daaweynta. www.auanet.org/guidelines/prostate-cancer-early-detection-guideline. La helay Ogosto 22, 2019.

Websaydhka Machadka Kansarka Qaranka. Daaweynta kansarka qanjirka 'Prostate cancer' (PDQ) nooca xirfad-yaqaan caafimaad. www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq. La cusbooneysiiyay Sebtember 20, 2019. La helay Diseembar 5, 2019.

Shabakada Shabakada Shabakada Kansarka oo dhameystiran. Tilmaamaha tababarka caafimaadka ee NCCN ee kansarka (tilmaamaha NCCN): kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'. Nooca 4.2019. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate.pdf. La cusbooneysiiyay Ogosto 19, 2019. La helay Sebtember 4, 2019.

Nelson WG, Antonarakis ES, Carter HB, De Marzo AM, DeWeese TL. Kansarka qanjirka 'prostate' Gudaha: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 81.

Stephenson AJ, Klein EA. Epidemiology, etiology, iyo ka hortagga kansarka qanjirka 'prostate'. Gudaha: Wein AJ, Kavoussi LR, Partin AW, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh Urolojiga. 11aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: cutubka 107.

Xoogagga Adeegyada Ka-hortagga ee Mareykanka, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Baadhitaanka kansarka qanjirka 'prostate cancer': Bayaanka talobixinta ee Kooxda Ka-hortagga Adeegyada Ka-hortagga Mareykanka. JAMA. 2018; 319 (18): 1901-1913. PMID: 29801017 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29801017.