Tardive dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) waa cilad ku lug leh dhaqdhaqaaqyo aan qasab ahayn. Tardive macnaheedu waa daahid iyo dyskinesia macnaheedu waa dhaqdhaqaaq aan caadi ahayn.

TD waa waxyeelo halis ah oo dhacda marka aad qaadato daawooyinka loo yaqaan neuroleptics. Daawooyinkaan waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'antipsychotics' ama xasilloonida weyn. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo dhibaatooyinka maskaxda.

TD badanaa waxay dhacdaa markaad daawada qaadato bilo ama sannado badan. Xaaladaha qaarkood, waxay dhacdaa ka dib markaad qaadato ugu yaraan illaa 6 toddobaad.

Daawooyinka inta badan sababa cilladan ayaa ah kuwo qadiimiga ah oo maskaxda lagu daaweeyo, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• Chlorpromazine
• Fluphenazine
• Haloperidol
• Perphenazine
• Prochlorperazine
• Thioridazine
• Trifluoperazine

Dawooyinka dhimirka ee cusubi waxay umuuqdaan kuwa aan badnayn oo keeni kara TD, laakiin dhammaantood halis ma aha.

Daawooyinka kale ee sababi kara TD waxaa ka mid ah:

• Metoclopramide (wuxuu daaweeyaa dhibaatada caloosha ee loo yaqaan 'gastroparesis')
• Dawooyinka lidka diiqadda sida amitriptyline, fluoxetine, phenelzine, sertraline, trazodone
• Daawooyinka ka hortagga cudurka Parkinson sida levodopa
• Daawooyinka ka hortagga daweynta sida phenobarbital iyo phenytoin

Astaamaha TD waxaa ka mid ah dhaqdhaqaaqa wajiga iyo jidhka oo aan la xakamayn karin sida:

• Grimacing wajiga (badanaa ku lug leh murqaha hoose ee wajiga)
• Dhaqdhaqaaqa faraha (dhaqdhaqaaqa biyaano)
• Ruxista ama riixitaanka miskaha (socodka duck-u eg)
• Sanka lulaya
• Calalinta soo noqnoqda
• Indho deg deg ah oo il biriqsi ah
• Carabka oo riixaya
• Degganaansho la'aan

Marka la ogaado cudurka TD, bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadka ayaa kaa dhigi doona inaad daawada u joojiso si tartiib tartiib ah ama aad u badalatid mid kale.

Haddii TD uu yahay mid khafiif ah ama dhexdhexaad ah, daawooyin kala duwan ayaa la isku dayi karaa. Daawada dopamine-yareysa, tetrabenazine ayaa ah daaweynta ugu waxtarka badan ee TD. Bixiyahaaga ayaa waxbadan kaaga sheegi kara kuwan.

Haddii TD uu aad u daran yahay, nidaam loo yaqaan kicinta maskaxda ee qoto dheer DBS ayaa la isku dayi karaa. DBS waxay adeegsataa aalad loo yaqaan neurostimulator si ay u gaarsiiso calaamadaha korantada aagagga maskaxda ee xakameynaya dhaqdhaqaaqa.

Haddii goor hore la ogaado, TD waa laga rogi karaa iyadoo la joojiyo daawada astaamaha keentay. Xitaa haddii daawada la joojiyo, dhaqdhaqaaqa qasabka ah wuxuu noqon karaa mid joogto ah, mararka qaarkoodna, wuu ka sii dari karaa.

TD; Cudurka 'Tardive syndrome'; Orofacial dyskinesia; Dhaqdhaqaaq khasab ah - dyskinesia tardive; Daawooyinka lidka ku ah dhimirka - dyskinesia tardive; Daawooyinka neerfayaasha - dyskinesia tardive; Schizophrenia - dyskinesia tardive

• Nidaamka neerfaha iyo nidaamka neerfaha ee durugsan

Aronson JK. Daawooyinka neerfaha. Gudaha: Aronson JK, ed. Saamaynta Meyler ee Daroogooyinka. 16aad. Waltham, MA: Elsevier B.V .; 2016: 53-119.

Freudenreich O, Flaherty AW. Bukaanjiifka leh dhaqdhaqaaq aan caadi ahayn. Gudaha: Stern TA, Freudenreich O, Smith FA, Fricchione GL, Rosenbaum JF, eds. Buug-gacmeedka Isbitaalka Guud ee Massachusetts ee Isbitaalka Guud ee Maskaxda. 7aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: cutubka 21.

Freudenreich O, Goff DC, Henderson DC. Daawooyinka cudurka dhimirka. Gudaha: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, eds. Isbitaalka Guud ee Massachusetts Isbitaalka Guud ee Caafimaadka Maskaxda. 2aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: cutubka 42.

Okun MS, Lang AE. Dhibaatooyinka kale ee dhaqdhaqaaqa. Gudaha: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 26aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: baab 382.