Sarkhaanshada Opioid

Daawooyinka ku saleysan Opioid waxaa ka mid ah morphine, oxycodone, iyo synthetic (man-made) opioid Narcotics, sida fentanyl. Waxaa loo qoraa inay daweeyaan xanuunka qalliinka ka dib ama habka ilkaha. Mararka qaarkood, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo qufac daran ama shuban. Heroin-daroogada sharci darrada ah sidoo kale waa opioid. Markii la xumeeyo, opioids waxay qofka u keentaa inuu dareemo nafis iyo farxad ba'an (euphoria). Marka la soo koobo, daawooyinka waxaa loo isticmaalaa inay sare u kacaan.

Suuxdinta Opioid waa xaalad aanad kaliya ka sarreeynin isticmaalka daroogada, laakiin sidoo kale waxaad leedahay astaamo jidhka oo dhan ah oo kugu ridi kara xanuun iyo daciifnimo.

Sarkhaanshada Opioid ayaa dhici karta marka bixiye daryeel caafimaad uu qoro opioid, laakiin:

• Bixiyuhu ma oga in qofku mar hore guriga ku qaadanayo opioid kale.
• Qofku wuxuu qabaa dhibaato caafimaad, sida beerka ama dhibaato kelyaha ah, taasoo si fudud u sababi karta sarqaamid.
• Bixiyuhu wuxuu qoraa daawo hurdo (dajin) marka lagu daro opioid.
• Bixiyuhu ma oga in adeeg bixiye kale uu horey u qoray dawada opioid.

Dadka isticmaala opioids-ka si ay sare ugu kacaan, sakhraan waxaa sababi kara:

• Isticmaalka daawada aad u badan
• Isticmaalka opioid dawooyinka kale qaarkood, sida daawooyinka hurdada ama aalkolada
• U qaadashada daawada opioid qaabab aan sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalin, sida sigaar cabbista ama lagu neefsado sanka (xiiq)

Astaamuhu waxay kuxiran yihiin inta daawada laqaato.

Calaamadaha lagu garto cudurka opioid waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Xaaladda maskaxda oo la beddelay, sida jahwareerka, jahwareerka, ama wacyiga oo yaraaday ama ka jawaab celinta
• Dhibaatooyinka neefsashada (neefsashada ayaa gaabis noqon karta oo aakhirka istaagi doonta)
• Hurdo daran ama feejignaan la'aan
• Lalabbo iyo matag
• Ardayda yaryar

Tijaabooyinka la dalbado waxay kuxiranyihiin walaaca bixiyaha ee dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee dheeraadka ah. Tijaabooyinka waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Tijaabooyinka dhiigga
• Baadhitaanka CT-ga ee maskaxda, haddii qofku suuxsan yahay ama laga yaabo inuu madaxa dhaawac ka soo gaadho
• ECG (electrocardiogram) si loo cabiro dhaqdhaqaaqa korantada ee wadnaha
• Raajo laabta ah si loo hubiyo oof wareenka
• Baaritaanka sunta sunta (sunta)

Bixiyuhu wuxuu qiyaasi doonaa oo la socon doonaa calaamadaha qofka ee muhiimka ah, oo ay ku jiraan heerkulka, garaaca wadnaha, heerka neefsashada, iyo cadaadiska dhiigga. Calaamadaha waxaa loola dhaqmi doonaa sida ugu habboon. Qofku wuxuu heli karaa:

• Taageerada neefsashada, oo ay ku jiraan oksijiinta, ama tuubo afka ka marta sambabaha iyo ku xirnaanta mashiinka neefsashada
• Dareeraha IV
• Daawada loo yaqaan naloxoon (Evzio, Narcan) si loo joojiyo saameynta opioid-ka ee habka dhexe ee neerfaha
• Daawooyinka kale sida loogu baahdo

Maaddaama saameynta naloxoonku ay inta badan gaaban tahay, kooxda daryeelka caafimaadku waxay kormeeri doonaan bukaanka 4 illaa 6 saacadood qaybta gargaarka degdegga ah. Dadka qaba khamri dhexdhexaad ilaa daran waxaa suuragal ah in isbitaalka la dhigo 24 illaa 48 saacadood.

Qiimeyn caafimaad maskaxeed ayaa loo baahan yahay haddii qofku is dilo.

Waxyaabo badan ayaa go'aamiya natiijada muddada-gaaban iyo muddada-dheer kadib sarkhaanidda opioid. Qaar ka mid ah kuwan waa:

• Heerka sumowga, tusaale ahaan, haddii qofku neefta joojiyo, iyo intee in le'eg
• Immisa jeer ayaa daawooyinka la isticmaalaa
• Saamaynta wasakhda ee lagu dhex daray walxaha sharci darrada ah
• Dhaawacyo dhaca daroogada dartiis
• Xaaladaha caafimaad ee salka ku haya

Dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee dhici kara waxaa ka mid ah kuwa soo socda midkood:

• Waxyeellada sambabada ee joogtada ah
• Suuxdin, gariir
• Hoos u dhigista awoodda si ficil ah u feker
• Diyaargarow la’aan iyo socodka oo adkaada
• Infekshannada ama xitaa waxyeellada joogtada ah ee xubnaha ka dhasha isticmaalka duritaanka daroogada

Khamri cabid - opioids; Ku xadgudubka Opioid - sarkhaan; Isticmaalka Opioid - sarkhaan

Aronson JK. Cudurka 'Opioid agonists'. Gudaha: Aronson JK, ed. Saamaynta Meyler ee Daroogooyinka. 16aad. Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016: 348-380.

Machadka Qaranka ee ku Xadgudubka Maandooriyaha. Opioids. www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids. La helay Abriil 29, 2019.

Machadka Qaranka ee ku Xadgudubka Maandooriyaha. Maxay yihiin dhibaatooyinka caafimaad ee isticmaalka hirowiiga daba dheeraada? www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin/what-are-medical-complications-chronic-heroin-use. La cusbooneysiiyay Juun 2018. La helay Abriil 29, 2019.

Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Opioids. Gudaha: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Daawada Degdega ah ee Rosen: Fikradaha iyo Tababarka Caafimaadka. 9aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: cutubka 156.