Tijaabada nephelometry

Qiyaasta nephelometry waa tijaabo shaybaar si dhakhso leh oo sax ah loogu cabbiro heerarka borotiinnada qaarkood ee loo yaqaanno immunoglobulins oo dhiigga ku jira. Immunoglobulins waa unugyada difaaca jirka ee ka caawiya la dagaalanka cudurka.

Tijaabadani waxay si gaar ah u cabirtaa immunoglobulins IgM, IgG, iyo IgA.

Sambal dhiig ayaa loo baahan yahay.

Waxaa lagaa codsan karaa inaadan cunin waxna cabin 4 saacadood baaritaanka ka hor.

Marka irbadda la geliyo si dhiig loo qaado, dadka qaar waxay dareemaan xanuun dhexdhexaad ah. Qaar kale waxay dareemaan oo keliya dharbaaxo ama xaniin. Intaas ka dib, waxaa laga yaabaa in xoogaa wax garaaco ama nabarro yar yeeshaan. Tani dhawaan way tagi doontaa.

Tijaabadu waxay bixisaa cabbir degdeg ah oo sax ah ee qaddarka immunoglobulins-ka IgM, IgG, iyo IgA.

Natiijooyinka caadiga ah ee saddexda immunoglobulin waa:

• IgG: 650 illaa 1600 milligram per deciliter (mg / dL), ama 6.5 ilaa 16.0 garaam litirkiiba (g / L)
• IgM: 54 illaa 300 mg / dL, ama 540 ilaa 3000 mg / L
• IgA: 40 ilaa 350 mg / dL, ama 400 ilaa 3500 mg / L

Tusaalooyinka kore waxay muujinayaan cabirka guud ee natiijooyinka baaritaankaan. Heerarka qiimaha caadiga ahi way ku kala duwanaan karaan shaybaarada kala duwan. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga macnaha natiijooyinka baaritaankaaga gaarka ah. Shaybaarada qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan cabbiro kala duwan ama waxay tijaabiyaan shaybaarro kala duwan.

Heerka 'IgG' ee kordhay waxaa sababi kara:

• Infekshin joogto ah ama caabuq
• Tallaalka dhiig-karka (ka sarreeya tirada caadiga ah ee unugyada difaaca jirka ee gaarka ah)
• IgG myeloma badan (nooc ka mid ah kansarka dhiigga)
• Cudurka beerka
• Rheumatoid arthritis

Hoos u dhaca heerarka IgG waxaa laga yaabaa inay ugu wacan tahay:

• Agammaglobulinemia (heerar aad u hooseeya oo ah immunoglobulins, cillad aad u yar)
• Leukemia (kansarka dhiigga)
• Myeloma badan (kansarka dhuuxa lafta)
• Preeclampsia (dhiig kar inta aad uurka leedahay)
• Daaweynta daawooyinka qaarkood ee kiimikada lagu daaweeyo

Heerarka kordhay ee IgM waxaa laga yaabaa inay ugu wacan tahay:

• Mononucleosis
• Lymphoma (kansar ku dhaca unugyada limfaha)
• Waldenström macroglobulinemia (kansarka unugyada dhiigga cad)
• Myeloma badan
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Caabuq

Hoos u dhaca heerarka IgM waxaa laga yaabaa inay ugu wacan tahay:

• Agammaglobulinemia (aad dhif u ah)
• Leukemia
• Myeloma badan

Kordhinta heerarka IgA waxaa laga yaabaa inay ugu wacan tahay:

• Infekshannada daba-dheeraada, gaar ahaan mareenka caloosha iyo mindhicirka
• Cudurka mindhicirka ee caabuqa, sida cudurka Crohn
• Myeloma badan

Hoos u dhaca heerarka IgA waxaa laga yaabaa inay ugu wacan tahay:

• Agammaglobulinemia (aad dhif u ah)
• Yaraanta IgA
• Myeloma badan
• Cudurka mindhicirka ee keena borotiinka

Tijaabooyin kale ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo xaqiijiyo ama loo ogaado mid ka mid ah xaaladaha kor ku xusan.

Khatar yar ayaa ku jirta in dhiigga lagaa qaado. Xididdada iyo halbowlayaasha waxay ku kala duwan yihiin cabirka qof ilaa qof kale iyo dhinac jirka ah ilaa dhinac kale. Qaadashada dhiigga dadka qaar way ka dhib badnaan kartaa kuwa kale.

Khataraha kale ee la xiriira dhiig qaadashada waa yar yihiin, laakiin waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Dhiigbax xad dhaaf ah
• Miyir beelid ama dareemid madax-wareer
• Daloollo badan si loo helo xididdada
• Hematoma (dhiig ku ururaya maqaarka hoostiisa)
• Infekshan (halis yar mar kasta oo maqaarku jabo)

Qiyaasta immunoglobulins-ka

• Baaritaanka dhiigga

Ibraahim RS. Qiimeynta jawaabaha difaaca jirka ee shaqeynaya lymphocytes. Gudaha: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Shearer WT, Schroeder HW, AW AJ, Weyand CM, eds. Immunology Clinical: Mabaadi'da iyo Tababarka. 5aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: cutubka 93.

McPherson RA. Borotiin gaar ah. Gudaha: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis iyo Maareynta Hababka Shaybaarka. 23aad ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: cutubka 19.