Cilmiga neerfaha

Neurosciences (ama kiliinikada neerfaha) waxaa loola jeedaa qaybta caafimaadka ee diiradda saareysa nidaamka dareenka. Nidaamka neerfaha wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba qaybood:

• Nidaamka neerfaha (CNS) wuxuu ka kooban yahay maskaxdaada iyo lafdhabarta.
• Nidaamka neerfaha ee durugsan wuxuu ka kooban yahay dhammaan neerfahaaga, oo ay ku jiraan nidaamka neerfaha madaxbannaan, ee ka baxsan maskaxda iyo xudunta laf-dhabarka, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa gacmahaaga, lugaha, iyo jirridda jirka.

Wadajir, maskaxdaada iyo lafdhabartaadu waxay u adeegaan inay yihiin xarunta ugu weyn ee "nidaamka ka shaqeynta" dhamaan nidaamka neerfaha, waxayna xukumaan dhamaan howlaha jirkaaga.

Xaalado caafimaad oo kala duwan ayaa saameyn ku yeelan kara nidaamka neerfaha, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• Cilladaha xididdada dhiigga ee maskaxda, oo ay ku jiraan cilladaha halbowlaha iyo xididdada maskaxda
• Burooyinka, dhib iyo xanuun (kansar)
• Cudurrada xumaada, oo ay ku jiraan cudurka Alzheimer iyo cudurka Parkinson
• Cilladaha qanjirada 'pituitary gland'
• Suuxdin
• Madax xanuun, oo ay ku jiraan madax xanuunka dhanjafka
• Dhaawacyada madaxa sida jahwareerka iyo dhaawaca maskaxda
• Dhibaatooyinka dhaqdhaqaaqa, sida gariirka iyo cudurka Parkinson
• Cudurada Demyelinating sida sclerosis badan
• Cudurada Neuro-ophthalmologic, kuwaas oo ah dhibaatooyin xagga aragga ah oo ka dhasha dhaawac soo gaadha dareemaha indhaha ama isku xidhka maskaxda.
• Cudurada neerfaha ee durugsan (neuropathy), oo saameeya neerfaha u qaadaya macluumaadka ugana keenaya maskaxda iyo lafdhabarta
• Cilladaha maskaxda, sida shisoofrani
• Dhibaatooyinka lafdhabarta
• Infekshannada, sida qoorgooyaha
• Faalig

CUDURKA IYO IMTIXAANKA

Dhakhaatiirta neerfaha iyo takhasusleyaasha kale ee neerfaha waxay adeegsadaan baaritaano gaar ah iyo farsamooyin sawir qaadis ah si loo arko sida neerfaha iyo maskaxdu u shaqeeyaan.

Marka lagu daro baaritaanka dhiigga iyo kaadida, baaritaanada la sameeyo si loo ogaado cudurada habdhiska neerfaha waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Cilmiga sawir-qaadista (CT scan)
• Lumbar puncture (laf-dhabarka laf-dhabarka) si loo hubiyo infekshinka laf-dhabarka iyo maskaxda, ama in lagu cabbiro cadaadiska dheecaanka maskaxda-maskaxda (CSF)
• Sawir-celinta 'Magnetic resonance imaging' (MRI) ama 'angiography resonance angiography' (MRA)
• Electroencephalography (EEG) si loo eego dhaqdhaqaaqa maskaxda
• Electromyography (EMG) si loo tijaabiyo shaqada neerfaha iyo muruqyada
• Electronystagmography (ENG) si loo hubiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa isha ee aan caadiga ahayn, taas oo calaamad u noqon karta cilad maskaxeed
• Awoodda laga xanaaqsan yahay (ama jawaab celin), oo eegaysa sida maskaxdu uga jawaabto codadka, aragga, iyo taabashada
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
• Myelogram ee lafdhabarta si loo ogaado dhaawaca dareemaha
• Imtixaanka xawaaraha wadista dareemaha (NCV)
• Imtixaanka neerfaha (tijaabada neerfaha)
• Polysomnogram si loo arko sida maskaxdu u falceliso xilliga hurdada
• Sawir qaadista hal sawir oo sawir qaadis ah (SPECT) iyo sawir qaadista positron tomography (PET) si loo eego dhaqdhaqaaqa dheef-shiid kiimikaadka maskaxda
• Cad ka-qaadista maskaxda, dareemaha, maqaarka, ama muruqyada si loo go'aamiyo haddii ay dhibaato ka jirto nidaamka neerfaha

DAWEYN

Neuroradiology waa qayb ka mid ah dawooyinka neerfaha oo diiradda saaraya ogaanshaha iyo daaweynta dhibaatooyinka nidaamka neerfaha.

Interradal neuroradiology waxaa ku lug leh gelinta tuubooyinka yar yar ee jilicsan ee loo yaqaanno catheters xididdada dhiigga ee keena maskaxda. Tani waxay u oggolaaneysaa dhakhtarka inuu daweeyo jirrooyinka xididdada dhiigga ee saameyn ku yeelan kara nidaamka neerfaha, sida istaroogga.

Daaweynta neuroradiology ee wax ka qabashada waxaa ka mid ah:

• Balloon angioplasty iyo xayiraadda xididdada carotid ama vertebral artery
• Kordhinta wadnaha iyo xididdada jirka si loo daweeyo xididdada maskaxda
• Daaweynta xididdada dhiigga ee istaroogga
• Shucaaca kansarka maskaxda iyo lafdhabarta
• Qashin-qaadista cirbadaha, laf-dhabarka iyo unugyo jilicsan
• Kyphoplasty iyo vertebroplasty si loogu daaweeyo jabka laf-dhabarka

Qalitaan furan ama dhaqameed ayaa laga yaabaa in loo baahdo mararka qaarkood si loo daaweeyo dhibaatooyinka maskaxda iyo dhismooyinka ku xeeran. Tani waa qalliin qallafsan oo u baahan dhakhtarka qalliinka inuu sameeyo furitaan, oo loo yaqaan 'craniotomy', ee madaxa.

Qalliinka 'Microsurgery' wuxuu u oggolaanayaa dhakhtarka qalliinka inuu ka shaqeeyo dhismayaal aad u yar oo maskaxda ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo mikroskoob iyo qalab aad u yar oo sax ah

Qalitaanka shucaaca qalliinka waxaa looga baahan karaa noocyo ka mid ah cilladaha nidaamka neerfaha. Kani waa nooc ka mid ah daaweynta shucaaca ee diirada saareysa raajada xoogga ku heysa aag yar oo jirka ka mid ah, taasoo ka ilaalinaysa dhaawaca unugyada maskaxda ku xeeran.

Daaweynta cudurada la xiriira nidaamka neerfaha ama cilladaha waxaa sidoo kale ku jiri kara:

• Daawooyinka, oo laga yaabo inay bixiyaan bambooyin daroogo ah (sida kuwa loo isticmaalo dadka qaba murgacasho daran)
• Kicin maskaxeed qoto dheer
• Kicinta laf-dhabarka
• Baxnaaninta / daaweynta jirka ka dib dhaawaca maskaxda ama istaroog
• Qalliinka lafdhabarta

YAA KU JIRA

Kooxda caafimaadka neerfaha waxay badanaa ka kooban yihiin bixiyeyaal daryeel caafimaad oo ka kala yimid takhasusyo badan oo kala duwan. Tan waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Neurologist - dhakhtar qaatay tababar dheeri ah oo ku saabsan daaweynta maskaxda iyo cilladaha nidaamka neerfaha
• Dhaqtarka Vascular - waa dhakhtar qaatay tababar dheeri ah oo ku saabsan daaweynta qalliinka ee xanuunnada xididdada dhiigga
• Neurosurgeon - dhakhtar helay tababar dheeri ah oo ku saabsan qalliinka maskaxda iyo lafdhabarta
• Neuropsychologist - dhakhtar si gaar ah ugu tababaran maamulida iyo tarjumaada tijaabooyinka shaqada garashada maskaxda
• Dhakhtarka Xanuunka - dhakhtar qaatay tababar ku saabsan daaweynta xanuunka isku dhafan ee habraacyada iyo daawooyinka
• Dhakhtarka maskaxda - waa dhakhtar daweeya cudurka maskaxda ku dhaca habdhaqanka
• Cilmu-nafsiga - waa dhakhtar daweeya xaaladaha maskaxda-dabeecadeed ee daaweynta hadalka
• Raajo-yaqaan - dhakhtar qaatay tababar dheeri ah oo ku saabsan tarjumaada sawirada caafimaadka iyo sameynta habab kala duwan iyadoo la adeegsanayo tiknoolajiyada sawirada gaar ahaan daaweynta maskaxda iyo cilladaha nidaamka neerfaha.
• Neuroscientist - qof cilmi baaris ku sameeya habka neerfaha
• Xirfadlayaasha kalkaaliyayaasha caafimaadka (NPs)
• Caawiyeyaasha dhakhtarka (PA)
• Khabiirada nafaqada ama nafaqada
• Dhakhaatiirta daryeelka aasaasiga ah
• Daaweeyeyaasha jirka, kuwaas oo ka caawiya dhaqdhaqaaqa, xoogga, isu dheelitirka, iyo dabacsanaanta
• Daaweeyayaasha shaqada, kuwaas oo ka caawiya dadka inay si fiican ugu shaqeeyaan guriga iyo shaqada
• Daaweeyayaasha ku hadalka-hadalka, oo ka caawiya hadalka, luqadda, iyo fahamka

Liiskani ma aha mid loo wada dhan yahay.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Ciladda cudurka neerfaha. Gudaha: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology ee Tababbarka Caafimaadka. 7aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: cutubka 1.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Baaritaannada shaybaarka ee ku saabsan ogaanshaha iyo maaraynta cudurka neerfaha. Gudaha: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology ee Tababbarka Caafimaadka. 7aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: cutubka 33.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Maareynta cudurka neerfaha. Gudaha: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SK, eds. Bradley's Neurology ee Tababbarka Caafimaadka. 7aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: cutubka 53.

Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, iyo al. Barashada nidaamka dareenka. Gudaha: Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al, eds. Neuroscience. 6aad ed. New York, NY: Jaamacadda Oxford Press; 2017; cutubka 1.