Daawooyinka COPD: Liiska Daawooyinka kaa caawinaya yareynta Calaamadahaaga

Qanacsan

• Waxqabadka gaaban ee bronchodilatorer
• Corticosteroids
• Methylxanthines
• Waxqabadka muddada dheer ee bronchodilatorer
• Daawooyinka isku dhafka ah
• Roflumilast
• Daawooyinka Mucoactive
• Talaalo
• Antibiyootikada
• Daawooyinka kansarka ee COPD
• Dawooyinka nafleyda
• La hadal dhakhtarkaaga

Cudurka sambabaha ee joogtada ah (COPD) waa koox ka mid ah cudurada sambabada ee horumarka leh taasoo adkeysa in la neefsado. COPD waxaa ku jiri kara emphysema iyo boronkiitada raaga.

Haddii aad qabtid COPD, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad yeelato calaamado sida neefsashada oo dhib ah, qufac, xiiq, iyo laabta oo ku adkaata. COPD badanaa waxaa sababa sigaar cabista, laakiin xaaladaha qaarkood waxaa sababa ku neefsashada sunta deegaanka.

COPD daawo ma leh, dhaawaca sambabaha iyo marinnada hawaduna waa joogto. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dhowr daawo ayaa kaa caawin kara yareynta caabuqa waxayna furi karaan marinnada hawada si ay kaaga caawiyaan inaad si fudud ugu neefsato COPD.

Waxqabadka gaaban ee bronchodilatorer

Bronchodilatorerku waxay gacan ka geystaan ​​furitaanka marin-haweedkaaga si neefsigu u fududaado. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa kuu qori kara waxqabadka gaaban ee bronchodilators xaalad deg deg ah ama gargaar degdeg ah sida loogu baahdo. Waxaad ku qaadanaysaa iyaga oo isticmaalaya qalabka neefta lagu neefsado ama nebulizer.

Tusaalooyinka waxqabadka gaaban ee bronchodilators waxaa ka mid ah:

• albuterol (Proair HFA, Ventolin HFA)
• levalbuterol (Xopenex)
• ipratropium (Atrovent HFA)
• albuterol / ipratropium (Jawaabta Combivent)

Waxqabadka gaaban ee bronchodilatorey wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo sida af qalalan, madax xanuun, iyo qufac. Saameyntani waa inay ka baxdo waqti ka dib. Waxyeelooyinka kale waxaa ka mid ah gariir (gariir), gariir, iyo garaaca wadnaha oo dhaqso ah.

Haddii aad qabtid xaalad wadne, u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga ka hor intaadan qaadan hawl-qabad gaaban oo bronchodilator ah.

Corticosteroids

COPD, marinnada hawadu way bararaysaa, taas oo keenaysa inay bararaan oo xanaaq yeeshaan. Caabuqa ayaa adkeeya neefsashada. Corticosteroids waa nooc daawo ah oo yareynaya caabuqa jirka, taasoo ka dhigeysa socodka hawada fudud sambabada.

Noocyo dhowr ah oo corticosteroids ah ayaa la heli karaa. Qaarkood waa la neefsan karaa waana in loo adeegsadaa maalin kasta sida lagu faray. Badanaa waxaa loo qoraa iyada oo lagu daro daawada COPD oo muddo dheer shaqeyneysay.

Daawooyinka kale ee loo yaqaan 'corticosteroids' ayaa lagu duraa ama lagu qaataa afka. Foomamkan waxaa loo adeegsadaa muddo-gaaban marka COPD-gaagu si kadis ah uga sii daro.

Dhakhaatiirta loo yaqaan 'corticosteroids' badanaa waxay u qoraan COPD waa:

• Fluticasone (Flovent). Tani waxay ku imaaneysaa dawada neefta oo aad laba jeer isticmaashid maalintii. Dhibaatooyinka ay keento waxaa ka mid noqon kara madax xanuun, cuna xanuun, isbeddellada codka, lallabbo, astaamo u eg sida qabow, iyo cabeeb.
• Budesonide (Pulmicort). Tani waxay ku imaaneysaa sidii qalabka lagu neefsado oo gacanta lagu isticmaalo ama loo isticmaalo nebulizer. Dhibaatooyinka ay keento waxaa ka mid ah hargab iyo cabeeb.
• Prednisolone. Tani waxay u timaadaa sidii kiniin, dareere, ama tallaal. Waxaa badanaa la siiyaa daaweynta gurmadka degdegga ah. Dhibaatooyinka soo raaca waxaa ka mid noqon kara madax xanuun, murqaha oo daciifa, caloosha oo kacsan, iyo miisaanka oo kordha.

Methylxanthines

Dadka qaarkiis oo qaba COPD daran, daaweynta caadiga ah ee daaweynta koowaad, sida dhaq-dhaqaaqa firfircoon ee bronchodilatorer iyo corticosteroids, uma muuqdaan inay caawinayaan marka keligood la isticmaalo.

Markay taasi dhacdo, dhakhaatiirta qaarkood waxay qoraan dawo loo yaqaan theophylline oo ay weheliyaan bronchodilator. Theophylline wuxuu u shaqeeyaa sidii daawo kahortaga bararka wuxuuna dabciyaa muruqyada hawo mareenka. Waxay u timaaddaa sidii kiniin ama dareere ah oo aad maalin kasta qaadatid.

Dhibaatooyinka soo raaca ee theophylline waxaa ka mid noqon kara lallabo ama matag, gariir, madax xanuun, iyo dhibaato hurdo la'aan.

Waxqabadka muddada dheer ee bronchodilatorer

Waxqabadka muddada dheer ee bronchodilatoreyaasha waa daawooyin loo isticmaalo in lagu daaweeyo COPD waqti dheer. Caadi ahaan waxaa la qaataa hal ama laba jeer maalin kasta iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalabka neefsashada ama nebulizer.

Sababtoo ah daawooyinkani waxay u shaqeeyaan si tartiib tartiib ah si ay uga caawiyaan fududeynta neefsashada, uma dhaqmaan sida ugu dhakhsaha badan daawada samatabbixinta. Looma jeedin in loo isticmaalo xaalad degdeg ah.

Hawl-wadeennada muddada dheer shaqeynaya ee la heli karo waa:

• aclidinium (Tudorza)
• arformoterol (Brovana)
• formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist)
• glycopyrrolate (Seebri Neohaler, Lonhala Magnair)
• indacaterol (Arcapta)
• olodaterol (Striverdi Respimat)
• revefenacin (Yupelri)
• salmeterol (Serevent)
• tiotropium (Spiriva)
• umeclidinium (Incruse Ellipta)

Dhibaatooyinka ay keento bronchodilatoreyaasha muddada-dheer wax ku jiri kara waxaa ka mid ah:

• afka qalalan
• dawakhaad
• gariir
• sanka oo dareera
• cuno cuncun leh ama xoqan
• calool kacsan

Dhibaatooyinka soo raaca ee aadka u daran waxaa ka mid ah aragga oo xumaada, garaaca wadnaha oo deg deg ah ama aan caadi ahayn, iyo falcelin xasaasiyadeed oo leh finan ama barar.

Daawooyinka isku dhafka ah

Dhowr dawo oo COPD ah ayaa u yimaada sidii dawooyin isku dhafan. Kuwani inta badan waa isku-darka labada midood ee wax-qabadka muddada-dheer ee bronchodilatore-ka ama neefsashada loo yaqaan 'corticosteroid' iyo hawl-qabad-sameeyaha muddada dheer shaqeynaya.

Daaweynta Triple, isku-darka daawada loo yaqaan 'corticosteroid' ee la neefsaday iyo laba jeer oo shaqeynaya bronchodilators, ayaa loo isticmaali karaa COPD daran iyo kacsanaan.

Isku-darka laba bronchodilatore muddo dheer shaqeynayay waxaa ka mid ah:

• aclidinium / formoterol (Duaklir)
• glycopyrrolate / formoterol (Bevespi Aerosphere)
• glycopyrrolate / indacaterol (Utibron Neohaler)
• tiotropium / olodaterol (Stiolto Respimat)
• umeclidinium / vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta)

Isku darka corticosteroid-ka la neefsaday iyo bronchodilator muddo dheer shaqeynaya waxaa ka mid ah:

• budesonide / formoterol (Symbicort)
• fluticasone / salmeterol (Advair)
• fluticasone / vilanterol (Breo Ellipta)

Isku-darka daawada loo yaqaan 'corticosteroid' ee la neefsaday iyo laba jeer oo shaqeynaya bronchodilators, oo loo yaqaan 'triple therapy', ayaa waxaa ka mid ah fluticasone / vilanterol / umeclidinium (Trelegy Ellipta).

Waxaa la ogaaday in daaweynta seddexleyda ah ay hoos u dhigtay kacsanaanta iyo hagaajinta shaqada sanbabada ee dadka qaba COPD heer sare ah.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxay sidoo kale muujisay in oof-wareenku u badan yahay in lagu daweeyo saddex-laab marka loo eego isku-darka laba daawo.

Roflumilast

Roflumilast (Daliresp) waa nooc ka mid ah daroogada loo yaqaan 'phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor'. Waxay u timaaddaa sidii kiniin aad qaadato hal jeer maalintii.

Roflumilast waxay kaa caawineysaa yareynta caabuqa, taas oo hagaajin karta socodka hawada sanbabadaada. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa u badan inuu kuu qoro daawadan oo ay weheliso hawl-wadeen muddo dheer shaqeynaya.

Dhibaatooyinka ay keento roflumilast waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• miisaanka oo yaraada
• shuban
• madax xanuun
• lallabbo
• casiraad
• gariir
• hurdo la'aan

U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabto dhibaatooyin beerka ah ama niyadjab ka hor intaadan qaadan daawadan.

Daawooyinka Mucoactive

Soo-kicista 'COPD' waxay sababi kartaa heerar xabka sanbabada ah oo kordha. Daawooyinka Mucoactive waxay kaa caawinayaan yareynta xabka ama khafiifinta si aad si fudud ugu qufacdid. Waxay caadi ahaan ku yimaadaan qaab kiniin ah, waxaana ka mid ah:

• karbocysteine
• erdosteine
• N-acetylcysteine

Talo soo jeedin ah in daawooyinkaani ay gacan ka geysan karaan yareynta kacsanaanta iyo naafonimada ka timaadda COPD. Daraasad 2017 ah ayaa sidoo kale lagu ogaaday in erdosteine ​​uu hoos u dhigay tirada iyo darnaanta COPD kacsanaanta.

Dhibaatooyinka soo raaca ee daawooyinkan waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• lallabbo
• matagid
• calool xanuun

Talaalo

Waxay muhiim u tahay dadka qaba COPD inay qaataan tallaalka ifilada sannadle ah. Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kugula talin karaa inaad sidoo kale qaadatid tallaalka pneumococcal.

Tallaalladaani waxay yareeyaan halista aad u jirran tahay waxayna kaa caawin karaan inaad iska ilaaliso infekshinnada iyo dhibaatooyinka kale ee la xiriira COPD.

Dib-u-eegis cilmi-baaris ah oo lagu sameeyay 2018 ayaa lagu ogaaday in tallaalka hargabku uu sidoo kale yareyn karo kacsanaanta COPD, laakiin wuxuu xusay in ay jireen daraasado yar oo hadda socda.

Antibiyootikada

Daaweynta joogtada ah ee antibiyootikada sida azithromycin iyo erythromycin ayaa laga yaabaa inay gacan ka geysato maaraynta COPD.

Dib-u-eegis cilmi-baaris ah 2018 ayaa muujisay in daaweynta antibiyootigga ee joogtada ah ay yareyso kacsanaanta COPD. Si kastaba ha noqotee, daraasadda ayaa xustay in isticmaalka antibiyootig ee soo noqnoqda ay sababi karto iska caabin antibiyootig ah. Waxay sidoo kale ogaatay in azithromycin uu la xiriiro maqal la'aanta oo ah saameyn dhinaca ah.

Daraasado badan ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo go'aamiyo saameynta muddada-dheer ee isticmaalka antibiyootigga caadiga ah.

Daawooyinka kansarka ee COPD

Dhowr dawo oo kansar ah ayaa laga yaabaa inay yareyn karaan caabuqa isla markaana xaddidi karaan waxyeellada ka timaadda COPD.

Daraasad 2019 ah ayaa lagu ogaaday in daroogada tyrphostin AG825 ay hoos u dhigtay heerarka caabuqa ee zebrafish. Daawada ayaa sidoo kale kordhisay heerka dhimashada neutrophils, kuwaas oo ah unugyo dhiirrigeliya caabuq, jiirarka qaba sambabaha bararsan ee la midka ah COPD.

Cilmi baarista ayaa wali ku xaddidan isticmaalka tyrphostin AG825 iyo dawooyinka la midka ah ee COPD iyo xaaladaha kale ee caabuqa. Ugu dambayntii, waxay u noqon karaan xulasho daaweyn COPD.

Dawooyinka nafleyda

Dadka qaarkiis, caabuq ka yimaada COPD wuxuu noqon karaa natiijada eosinophilia, ama inuu yeesho qaddar ka-caadi ah unugyada dhiigga cad ee loo yaqaan eosinophils.

Tilmaamid in daawooyinka bayoolajiga laga yaabo inay awoodaan inay daaweeyaan qaabkan 'COPD'. Dawooyinka bayoolajiga waxaa laga abuuray unugyada nool. Dhowr ka mid ah daawooyinkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa neefta daran ee ay keento eosinophilia, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• mepolizumab (Nucala)
• benralizumab (Fasenra)
• reslizumab (Cinqair)

Daraasad dheeri ah ayaa looga baahan yahay daaweynta COPD daawooyinkan bayoolojiga ah.

La hadal dhakhtarkaaga

Noocyada kala duwan ee daawooyinka ayaa daweeya dhinacyo iyo astaamo kala duwan oo ah COPD. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa kuu qori doona daawooyinka sida ugu fiican u daaweyn doona xaaladaada gaarka ah.

Su'aalaha aad ka weydiin karto dhaqtarkaaga qorshahaaga daaweynta waxaa ka mid ah:

• Immisa jeer ayaan isticmaalaa daaweyntayda 'COPD'?
• Miyaan qaataa daawooyin kale oo la falgalaya daawooyinkayga 'COPD'?
• Muddo intee le'eg ayaan u baahnaan doonaa in aan qaato daawooyinkayga 'COPD'?
• Maxay tahay habka saxda ah ee loo isticmaalo dawada aan ku neefsado?
• Maxaa dhacaya haddii aan si lama filaan ah u joojiyo qaadashada dawooyinkayga COPD?
• Qaadashada daawada ka sokow, isbeddello nololeedkee ayaan sameeyaa si aan u yareeyo astaamahayga 'COPD'?
• Maxaan sameeyaa haddii aan isku arko calaamado si kadis ah ii sii xumaanaya?
• Sideen uga hortagi karaa waxyeelada?

Daawad kasta oo dhakhtarkaagu kuu qoro, hubi inaad u qaadatid sida ku xusan tilmaamaha dhakhtarkaaga. Haddii aad leedahay waxyeelo daran, sida cadaanyo ficil ama barar, wac dhakhtarkaaga isla markiiba. Haddii ay kugu adkaato neefsashada ama bararka afka, carrabka, ama cunaha, wac 911 ama adeegyada caafimaadka degdegga ah ee deegaankaaga. Sababtoo ah qaar ka mid ah daawooyinka COPD waxay saameyn ku yeelan karaan nidaamka wadnahaaga, hubi inaad u sheegto dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabtid wadno garaac aan caadi ahayn ama dhibaatooyin wadnaha ah.