Intee ayuu waxtar u leeyahay tallaalka COVID-19?

Qanacsan

• Sidee buu u shaqeeyaa tallaalka COVID-19?
• Sidee ayuu waxtar u leeyahay tallaalka COVID-19?
• Maxay tani adiga kugu tahay?
• Dib u eegis loogu talagalay

Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka (FDA) ayaa horey u oggolaaday laba tallaal oo COVID-19 ah oo ku yaal Mareykanka si ay u isticmaalaan dadweynaha guud. Murashaxiinta tallaalka ee labada Pfizer iyo Moderna waxay muujiyeen natiijooyin rajo leh tijaabooyin caafimaad oo baaxad leh, iyo nidaamyada caafimaad ee dalka oo dhan ayaa hadda u fidinaya tallaalladan dad-weynaha.

Dhammaan waa war xiiso leh - gaar ahaan ka dib markii la soo jiitay illaa hal sano oo #nolosha faafa ah - laakiin waa wax dabiici ah in aad su'aalo ka qabtid waxtarka tallaalka COVID-19 iyo waxa, run ahaantii, tani adiga ayay kugu tahay.

Sidee buu u shaqeeyaa tallaalka COVID-19?

Waxaa jira laba tallaal oo waaweyn oo hadda fiiro gaar ah u leh Mareykanka: Mid waxaa sameeyay Pfizer, kan kalena Moderna. Labada shirkadoodba waxay isticmaalayaan nooc cusub oo tallaal ah oo loo yaqaan Messenger RNA (mRNA).

Tallaaladan mRNA waxay ku shaqeeyaan iyagoo ku xaraysanaya qayb ka mid ah borotiinka xawliga ah ee laga helay dusha SARS-CoV-2, fayraska keena COVID-19, sida laga soo xigtay Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada. Halkii la gelin lahaa fayras aan firfircoonayn jidhkaaga (sida lagu sameeyo tallaalka hargabka), tallaalada mRNA waxay adeegsadaan qaybo ka mid ah borotiinka sumaysan ee SARs-CoV-2 si ay u dedejiyaan jawaabta difaaca jidhkaaga oo ay u horumariyaan unugyada difaaca jirka, ayuu yidhi khabiirka cudurada faafa Amesh A. Adalja, MD, aqoonyahan sare oo ka tirsan Xarunta Johns Hopkins ee Amniga Caafimaadka.

Jirkaagu wuxuu aakhirka baabi'iyaa borotiinka iyo mRNA, laakiin unugyada difaaca jirka ayaa leh awood sii joogteyn. CDC -da ayaa soo warisay in loo baahan yahay xog dheeri ah si loo xaqiijiyo inta unugyada difaaca jirka ee laga dhisay labada tallaal ay socon doonaan. (La Xiriira: Maxay Dhab ahaantii ka dhigan tahay Natiijadda Tijaabada Kahortagga Cudurka Coronavirus ee Wanaagsan?)

Tallaal kale oo soo socda dhuumaha ayaa ka yimid Johnson & Johnson. Shirkadda ayaa dhawaan ku dhawaaqday codsigeeda FDA ee loogu talagalay oggolaanshaha isticmaalka degdegga ah ee tallaalkeeda COVID, kaas oo u shaqeeya wax yar oo ka duwan tallaallada ay sameeyeen Pfizer iyo Moderna. Hal shay, ma aha tallaal mRNA. Taa bedelkeeda, tallaalka Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 waa tallaalka adenovector, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inuu isticmaalo fayras aan dhaq-dhaqaaq lahayn (adenovirus, kaas oo keena hargabka caadiga ah) sida side si uu u bixiyo borotiinno (kiiskan, borotiinka sare ee dusha sare ee SARS). -CoV-2) in jirkaagu u aqoonsan karo inuu yahay hanjabaad uuna abuuri karo unugyada difaaca jirka. (Dheeraad ah halkan: Wax kasta oo aad u Baahan Tahay Inaad Ka Ogaato Tallaalka Johnson & Johnson ee COVID-19)

Sidee ayuu waxtar u leeyahay tallaalka COVID-19?

Pfizer ayaa la wadaagay horraantii Noofembar in tallaalkiisu “in ka badan boqolkiiba 90 wax ku ool yahay” si looga ilaaliyo jirka caabuqa COVID-19. Moderna ayaa sidoo kale shaaca ka qaaday in tallaalkiisu gaar ahaan 94.5 boqolkiiba waxtar u leeyahay ka ilaalinta dadka COVID-19.

Macnaha guud, ma jirin tallaal mRNA oo ay ansixisay FDA kahor. Jill Weatherhead, MD, oo ah kaaliyaha borofisar ku takhasusay daawada kulaylaha iyo cudurrada faafa ee Kuliyadda Caafimaadka Baylor ayaa tiri: "Ma jiraan tallaallo mRNA ruqsad haysta illaa maanta. Sidaas darteed, ma jiro xog la heli karo, oo ku saabsan wax -ku -oolnimada ama haddii kale, ayuu raaciyay Dr. Weatherhead.

Taasi waxay tidhi, tallaaladan iyo tikniyoolajiyadda ka dambaysa ayaa “si adag loo tijaabiyey,” Sarah Kreps, Ph.D., oo ah borofisar ka tirsan waaxda dawladda iyo borofisar ku -xigeenka sharciga ee Jaamacadda Cornell, oo dhowaan daabacay warqad cilmiyeed ku saabsan arrimo saamayn kara rabitaanka dadka waaweyn ee Maraykanka si ay u helaan tallaalka COVID-19, ayaa sheegay Qaab.

Xaqiiqdii, CDC-du waxay sheegaysaa in cilmi-baarayaashu ay baranayeen tallaallada mRNA "tobanaan sano" tijaabooyin caafimaad oo heer-hore ah oo loogu talagalay hargabka, Zika, raabiyada, iyo cytomegalovirus (nooc ka mid ah herpesvirus). Tallaaladaasi ma aysan dhaafin marxaladihii hore sababo badan awgood, oo ay ku jiraan “natiijooyinka bararka aan la filayn” iyo “jawaabaha difaaca ee suubban,” sida laga soo xigtay CDC. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, horumarradii tignoolajiyada ee dhowaan la sameeyay “waxay yareeyeen caqabadahan waxayna wanaajiyeen xasilloonidooda, badbaadadooda, iyo waxtarkooda,” sidaas darteed waxay waddada u xaareysaa tallaallada COVID-19, sida ay wakaaladdu sheegtay. (Waxa la xidhiidha: Tallaalka hargabku ma kaa ilaalin karaa Coronavirus?)

Marka laga hadlayo tallaalka adenovector Johnson & Johnson, shirkaddu waxay ku sheegtay war-saxaafadeed in tijaabadeeda caafimaad ee ballaaran ee ku dhawaad ​​44,000 oo qof lagu ogaaday in, guud ahaan, tallaalkeeda COVID-19 uu boqolkiiba 85 waxtar u lahaa ka hortagga COVID-19 daran, kahortagga isbitaal dhigista iyo dhimashada la xiriirta COVID "28 maalmood tallaalka kadib.

Si ka duwan tallaalada mRNA, tallaalada adenovector sida Johnson & Johnson's ma aha fikrad cusub. Oxford iyo AstraZeneca's tallaalka COVID-19 - kaas oo loo oggolaaday in lagu isticmaalo Midowga Yurub iyo Boqortooyada Midowday bishii Janaayo (FDA waxay hadda sugaysaa xogta tijaabada caafimaad ee AstraZeneca ka hor inta aysan tixgelin oggolaan Mareykanka,New York Times Warbixinnada) - waxay isticmaashaa tignoolajiyada adenovirus ee la midka ah. Johnson & Johnson waxay kaloo farsamadan u adeegsadeen inay ku abuuraan tallaalkeeda Ebola, kaas oo la ogaaday inuu yahay mid badbaado leh oo waxtar u leh soo saarista jawaab -celinta difaaca jirka.

Maxay tani adiga kugu tahay?

In la dhaho talaalku boqolkiiba 90 (ama ka badan) waa cod aad u fiican. Laakiin tani macnaheedu ma tahay tallaalada ka hortag COVID-19 ama ilaali ma ka jirran tahay cudur haddii aad qaadday - ama labadaba? Waa yara jahawareer.

"Tijaabooyinkii [Moderna iyo Pfizer's] ayaa runtii loogu talagalay inay muujiyaan waxtarka ka hortagga cudurka calaamadaha, wax kasta oo calaamadahaas ay ahaan karaan," ayuu yiri Thomas Russo, MD, borofisar iyo madaxa cudurrada faafa ee Jaamacadda Buffalo ee New York. Asal ahaan, boqolleyda sare ee waxtarka waxay soo jeedinayaan inaad filan karto inaadan lahayn astaamaha COVID-19 kadib markaad si buuxda u tallaasho (labada tallaal ee Pfizer iyo Moderna waxay u baahan yihiin laba qiyaasood-saddex toddobaad oo u dhexeeya tallaallada Pfizer, afar toddobaad inta u dhaxaysa tallaalada Moderna) , ayuu yiri Dr. Russo. Iyo, haddii aad samee wali waxaa ku dhaca caabuqa COVID-19 tallaalka ka dib, waxay u badan tahay inaadan la kulmi doonin nooc fayraska ah oo daran, ayuu raaciyay. (La xiriira: Coronavirus ma sababi karaa Shuban?)

In kasta oo tallaalladu u muuqdaan kuwo “aad waxtar u leh” oo jirka ka ilaalinaya COVID-19, “hadda waxaan isku dayeynaa inaan ogaano haddii ay sidoo kale ka hortagayaan faafitaanka asymptomatic,” ayuu yiri Dr. Adalja. Macnaha, xogta hadda waxay muujinaysaa in tallaalladu si weyn u yareyn karaan fursadaha aad yeelan doonto calaamadaha COVID-19 (ama, ugu yaraan, calaamadaha daran) haddii aad la kulanto fayraska. Laakiin cilmi-baadhistu hadda ma muujinayso inaad weli ku dhici karto COVID-19, aanad garanayn inaad qabto fayraska, oo aad u gudbiso kuwa kale tallaalka ka dib.

Iyadoo taas maskaxda lagu hayo, “ma cadda xilligan” haddii tallaalku ka horjoogsan doono dadka inay faafiyaan fayraska, ayuu yidhi Lewis Nelson, MD, borofisar iyo guddoomiyaha dawada degdegga ah ee Dugsiga Caafimaadka Rutgers New Jersey iyo madaxa adeegga ee waaxda gurmadka Isbitaalka Jaamacadda.

Dulucda hoose: "Tallaalkani ma keeni karaa in gebi ahaanba la tirtiro fayraska, ama ma naga ilaalin kartaa cudurrada astaamaha? Ma garanayno," ayuu yiri Dr. Russo.

Sidoo kale, tallaalada laguma baarin tiro badan oo carruur ah, ama haweenka uurka leh ama naas-nuujinta, taasoo ku adkeyneysa dhakhaatiirta inay kula taliyaan tallaalka COVID-19 dadkaas xilligan. Laakiin taasi way isbedelaysaa, sida "Pfizer iyo Moderna waxay diiwaangelinayaan carruurta da'doodu tahay 12 iyo wixii ka weyn," ayuu yidhi Dr. Weatherhead. In kasta oo "xogta waxtarka carruurta aan weli la aqoon," "ma jirto sabab loo maleeyo in [saamaynta] ay aad uga duwanaan doonto waxa daraasadaha [hadda jira] ay muujinayaan," ayuu raaciyay Dr. Nelson.

Guud ahaan, khubaradu waxay dadka ku booriyaan inay samraan oo ay is tallaalaan marka ay awoodaan. "Tallaalladani waxay qayb ka noqon doonaan xallinta masiibada," ayuu yidhi Dr. Adalja. "Laakiin waxay ku qaadan doontaa waqti inay soo baxaan oo ay arkaan dhammaan faa'iidooyinka ay bixiyaan."

Xogta ku jirta sheekadani waa mid sax ah ilaa wakhtiga la daabacay. Iyada oo cusboonaysiinta ku saabsan coronavirus COVID-19 ay sii socoto, waxaa suurtogal ah in qaar ka mid ah macluumaadka iyo talooyinka sheekadan la beddelo tan iyo markii la daabacay bilowgii. Waxaan kugu dhiirigelinaynaa inaad si joogto ah ula xiriirto ilaha sida CDC, WHO, iyo waaxda caafimaadka dadweynaha ee deegaankaaga si aad u hesho xogta ugu dambaysa iyo talooyinka.

Dib u eegis loogu talagalay