Waa maxay Nefrolojiga iyo Muxuu Sameeyaa Dhakhtarka Nefiiq

Qanacsan

• Guudmarka
• Shaqada nephrologist
• Waxbarashada iyo tababarka nephrologist
• Xaaladaha dhakhtarka nephrologist ayaa daweeya
• Tijaabooyinka iyo habraacyada dhakhtarka nephrologist ayaa fulin kara ama dalban kara
• Tijaabooyinka shaybaarka
• Tijaabooyinka dhiigga
• Tijaabada kaadi
• Nidaamyada
• Farqiga u dhexeeya nephrology iyo kaadi mareenka
• Goorta la arko dhakhtarka nephrologist
• Sida loo helo dhakhtar nephrologist ah
• Qaadashada

Guudmarka

Nephrology waa takhasus gaar ah oo daawo gudaha ah oo diirada saareysa daaweynta cudurada saameeya kilyaha.

Waxaad leedahay laba kelyood. Waxay ku yaalliin feerahaaga labada dhinac ee lafdhabartaada. Kelyuhu waxay leeyihiin dhowr shaqooyin muhiim ah, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• ka saarida qashinka iyo dheecaanka xad dhaafka ah ee dhiiga
• dayactirka dheelitirka elektroolka jirkaaga
• sii deynta hormoonno leh shaqooyin sida maareynta cadaadiska dhiigga

Shaqada nephrologist

Nephrologist waa nooc dhakhtar oo ku takhasusay daaweynta cudurada kalyaha. Kaliya maahan dhakhaatiirta nephrologists inay khibrad u leeyihiin cudurrada sida gaarka ah u saameeya kilyaha, laakiin sidoo kale waxay aqoon badan u leeyihiin sida cudurka kelyaha ama cilladdu u saameyn karaan qaybaha kale ee jirkaaga.

In kasta oo dhakhtarkaaga daryeelka aasaasiga ahi ka shaqeyn doono ka-hortagga iyo daaweynta marxaladaha hore ee cudurka kelyaha, dhakhtarka nephrologist ayaa loo yeeri karaa si uu uga caawiyo baaritaanka iyo daaweynta xaaladaha kelyaha ee aadka u daran ama adag.

Waxbarashada iyo tababarka nephrologist

Si aad ugubilaabto dariiqa aad ku noqon laheyd dhakhtarka nephrologist, waa inaad marka hore dhameystirtaa iskuulka caafimaadka. Dugsiga caafimaadka wuxuu socdaa afar sano wuxuuna ubaahanyahay shahaadada koowaad ee bachelorka.

Ka dib markaad hesho shahaadadaada caafimaad, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad buuxiso degenaansho saddex sano ah oo diiradda saaraya daawada gudaha. Degenaanshuhu wuxuu u oggolaanayaa dhakhaatiirta cusub inay helaan tababar dheeraad ah iyo waxbarasho goob caafimaad iyo iyadoo ay kormeerayaan kiliinigyo waaweyn oo waaweyn.

Marka lagu caddeeyo daawada gudaha, markaa waa inaad markaa dhammaystirtaa wehelnimo laba sano ah takhasuska nephrology. Is weheshigaani wuxuu sii sharaxayaa aqoonta iyo xirfadaha caafimaad ee looga baahan yahay takhasuska. Ka dib markaad dhammaystirto wehelnimadaada, waxaad qaadan kartaa imtixaan si aad u noqoto guddiga loo aqoonsan yahay nephrology.

Xaaladaha dhakhtarka nephrologist ayaa daweeya

Dhakhaatiirta neerfaha waxay kula shaqeyn karaan si ay kaaga caawiyaan baaritaanka iyo daaweynta xaaladaha soo socda:

• dhiig ama borotiin ku jira kaadida
• cudurka kalyaha ee joogtada ah
• dhagxaanta kelyaha, in kasta oo dhakhtarka kaadi-mareenka sidoo kale daaweyn karo tan
• caabuqyada kalyaha
• bararka kelyaha sababtoo ah glomerulonephritis ama nephritis-ka dhexdhexaadka ah
• kansarka kilyaha
• cudurka kalyaha ee polycystic
• hemolytic uremic cillad
• xididdada halbowlayaasha kelyaha
• nephrotic syndrome
• cudurka kalyaha dhamaadka-dhamaadka
• hawlgabka kelyaha, mid ba'an iyo mid daba dheeraada

Dhakhtarka nephrologist ayaa sidoo kale ku lug lahaan kara marka arrimo kale ay keenaan cudurka kelyaha ama cillad la'aan, oo ay ku jiraan:

• dhiig kar
• sonkorowga
• cudurada wadnaha
• xaaladaha iswada, sida lupus
• daawooyinka

Tijaabooyinka iyo habraacyada dhakhtarka nephrologist ayaa fulin kara ama dalban kara

Haddii aad booqanayso dhakhtarka nephrologist, waxay ku lug lahaan karaan sameynta baaritaanno iyo habab kala duwan ama tarjumaadda natiijooyinka.

Tijaabooyinka shaybaarka

Tijaabooyin kala duwan ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu qiimeeyo shaqada kelyahaaga. Baadhitaanadan ayaa sida caadiga ah lagu sameeyaa midkood dhiig ama kaadi laga qaado.

Tijaabooyinka dhiigga

• Heerka sifeynta Glomerular (GFR). Tijaabadani waxay cabbireysaa sida wanaagsan ee kilyahaagu u sifeynayaan dhiiggaaga. GFR wuxuu bilaabaa inuu ka hoos maro heerarka caadiga ah ee cudurka kalyaha.
• Serin creatinine. Creatinine waa badeecad qashin ah waxayna kujirtaa heerar sare dhiiga dadka qaba cillad la'aanta kelyaha.
• Nitrogen dhiig (BUN). Sida creatinine oo kale, helitaanka heerar sare ee sheygan qashinka ah ee dhiiga ku jira waa calaamad muujinaysa cillad la'aan kelyaha.

Tijaabada kaadi

• Kaadida Tijaabadan kaadida waxaa lagu baari karaa dipstick-ka loogu talagalay pH iyo sidoo kale jiritaanka qaddarro aan caadi ahayn oo dhiig, gulukoos, borotiin, ama bakteeriya ah.
• Saamiga Albumin / creatinine (ACR). Tijaabada kaadidaani waxay cabirtaa xaddiga borotiinka albumin ee ku jira kaadidaada. Albumin ku jirta kaadida ayaa calaamad u ah cillad la’aanta kalyaha.
• Kaadida oo 24-saac ah. Habkani wuxuu adeegsadaa weel gaar ah si loo ururiyo dhammaan kaadida aad soo saarto muddada 24-ka saac ah. Tijaabin dheeri ah ayaa lagu sameyn karaa muunadani.
• Nadiifinta Creatinine. Kani waa cabbiraada loo yaqaan creatinine ee ka timaada sambal dhiig iyo 24 saac oo kaadi ah oo loo adeegsado xisaabinta xaddiga creatinine ee ka baxa dhiiga una guurtay kaadida.

Nidaamyada

Marka lagu daro dib u eegista iyo tarjumida natiijooyinka baaritaanka shaybaarkaaga, dhakhtarka nephrologist ayaa sidoo kale sameyn kara ama la shaqeyn kara khabiiro kale habraacyada soo socda:

• baaritaanka kelyaha, sida ultrasounds, CT scans, ama X-rays
• sifaynta, oo ay ku jirto meelaynta kateetarka sifeynta
• biopsies kilyaha
• beerista kelyaha

Farqiga u dhexeeya nephrology iyo kaadi mareenka

Qeybaha nephrology iyo kaadi-mareenka waxay wadaagaan xoogaa is dul-qaad ah maxaa yeelay waxay labaduba lug ku yeelan karaan kelyaha. Inkasta oo dhakhtarka nephrologist uu diiradda saarayo cudurada iyo xaaladaha sida tooska ah u saameeya kilyaha, haddana khabiir ku takhasusay cilmiga cilmiga cudurrada cilmiga cilmiga baadhista cilmiga baadhista cilmiga baadhista cudurrada 'kaadi-baadhayaasha' diiradda ayaa saaraya cudurada iyo xaaladaha saamaynta ku yeelan kara kaadi mareenka ragga iyo dumarka

Mareenka kaadi mareenka waxaa ka mid ah kilyaha, laakiin sidoo kale dhowr qaybood oo kale sida kaadi mareenka, kaadi haysta, iyo kaadi mareenka. Khabiir ku takhasusay cilmiga kaadi-baadhista kaadi-mareenka wuxuu kaloo la shaqeeyaa xubnaha taranka ee ragga, sida guska, xiniinyaha, iyo qanjirka 'prostate'

Xaaladaha dhakhtarka kaadi-mareenka uu daaweyn karo waxaa ka mid ah:

• dhagxaanta kelyaha
• infekshinka kaadiheysta
• arrimaha kontoroolka kaadiheysta
• cillad kacsi
• qanjirka 'prostate'

Goorta la arko dhakhtarka nephrologist

Dhakhtarkaaga daryeelka aasaasiga ah ayaa kaa caawin kara kahortaga iyo daaweynta marxaladaha hore ee cudurka kelyaha. Si kastaba ha noqotee, mararka qaarkood heerarkan hore ma yeelan karaan wax calaamado ah ama waxay yeelan karaan calaamado aan qeexnayn sida daal, dhibaatooyinka hurdada, iyo isbeddelka ku dhaca qadarka aad kaadiso.

Baadhitaanka joogtada ahi wuxuu la socon karaa shaqada kelyahaaga, gaar ahaan haddii aad khatar ugu jirto cudurka kelyaha. Kooxahan waxaa ka mid ah dadka leh:

• dhiig kar
• sonkorowga
• cudurada wadnaha
• taariikhda qoyska ee dhibaatooyinka kelyaha

Tijaabadu waxay ogaan kartaa calaamadaha hoos u dhaca shaqada kilyaha, sida hoos u dhaca qiimaha GFR ama kororka heerka albumin ee kaadidaada. Haddii natiijooyinkaaga baaritaanka ay muujinayaan inay si dhakhso ah ama sii xumaanayso shaqada kelyaha, dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kuu gudbin karaa dhakhtarka nephrologist.

Dhakhtarkaagu sidoo kale wuxuu kuu gudbin karaa dhakhtarka nephrologist haddii aad leedahay mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda:

• cudurka kalyaha ee joogtada ah
• xaddi badan oo dhiig ah ama borotiin ah oo ku jira kaadidaada
• dhagxaanta kelyaha ee soo noqnoqota, in kastoo laga yaabo in tan laguu gudbiyo dhakhtarka kaadi-mareenka
• dhiig karka oo wali sareeya inkasta oo aad qaadanayso dawooyin
• sabab dhif ah ama dhaxal ah oo keenta cudurka kalyaha

Sida loo helo dhakhtar nephrologist ah

Haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad aragto nephrologist, dhakhtarkaaga daryeelka aasaasiga ahi waa inuu awoodi karaa inuu kuu gudbiyo mid. Xaaladaha qaarkood, shirkaddaada caymiska ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahan tahay inaad ka hesho dhakhtarkaaga daryeelka koowaad ka hor intaadan booqan takhasusle.

Haddii aad dooratid inaadan gudbin ka helin dhakhtarkaaga daryeelka aasaasiga ah, ka hubi shirkaddaada caymiska liiska khabiirada ku dhow ee ku jira shabakaddaada caymiska.

Qaadashada

Nephrologist waa nooc dhakhtar oo ku takhasusay cudurada iyo xaaladaha saameeya kilyaha. Waxay ka shaqeeyaan sidii loo daaweyn lahaa xaaladaha sida cudurka kelyaha ee joogtada ah, infekshannada kalyaha, iyo kalyaha oo aan shaqeyn.

Dhakhtarkaaga daryeelka aasaasiga ahi wuxuu kuu gudbin doonaa dhakhtar nephrologist ah haddii aad leedahay xaalad caafimaad oo kelyaha oo adag ama sare ah oo u baahan daryeelka takhasusle.

Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusnaado haddii aad leedahay walaacyo gaar ah oo ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka kelyaha, waa inaad hubisaa inaad kala hadasho dhakhtarkaaga oo aad codsato gudbin, haddii loo baahdo.