Goorma Indhaha Ilmuhu Midabbada Badalaan?

Qanacsan

• Goorma ayey indhaha ilmuhu midabkooda beddelaan?
• Muxuu melanin ku sameeyaa midabka indhaha?
• Sidee hiddo-wadaha door ugu leeyahay midabka indhaha
• Sababaha kale ee indhaha ilmahaagu waxay u beddelaan midabbada
• Qaadid

Waa fikrad fiican inaad ku hakato iibsashada dharka qurxoon ee u dhigma midabka indhaha ilmahaaga - ugu yaraan illaa kanaga yar gaadho dhalashadiisa koowaad.

Taasi waa sababta oo ah indhaha aad fiirineyso dhalashada ayaa laga yaabaa inay u muuqdaan xoogaa ka duwan markay jiraan 3, 6, 9, iyo xitaa da'da 12 bilood.

Markaa intaadan aad ugu dhegsanayn indhahaas cagaarka ah ee 6-da bilood jira, kaliya ogow in carruurta qaarkood ay la kulmi doonaan isbeddello illaa 1 sano jir ah. Qaar ka mid ah yar yar indhaha midabkoodu wuxuu xitaa sii wadaa inuu beddelo midabbada illaa ay ka gaarayaan 3 sano.

Goorma ayey indhaha ilmuhu midabkooda beddelaan?

Dhalashada koowaad ee ilmahaagu waa guul muhiim ah, gaar ahaan haddii ay ku quustaan ​​keega markii ugu horeysay. Laakiin sidoo kale waxay ku saabsan tahay da'da aad si ammaan ah u oran karto midabka indhaha ee ilmahaaga ayaa la dejiyey.

"Caadi ahaan, indhaha ilmaha ayaa beddeli kara midabka inta lagu jiro sanadka ugu horreeya noloshiisa," ayuu yidhi Benjamin Bert, MD, oo ah dhakhtar indhaha ku takhasusay oo ka tirsan Xarunta Caafimaadka ee Memorial Care Orange Coast Medical Center.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, Daniel Ganjian, MD, oo ah dhakhtarka carruurta ee Xarunta Caafimaadka ee Providence Saint John, ayaa sheegay in isbeddelada ugu muhiimsan ee midabku ay dhacaan inta u dhexeysa 3 iyo 6 bilood.

Laakiin midabka aad ku aragtay 6 bilood wali wuxuu noqon karaa shaqo socota - taas oo macnaheedu yahay inaad sugto dhawr bilood (ama ka badan) ka hor intaadan buuxin qaybta midabka indhaha ee buugga ilmaha.

In kasta oo aadan saadaalin karin da'da saxda ah ee midabka indhaha cunuggaaga uu ahaan doono mid joogto ah, Akadeemiyadda Mareykanka ee Ophthalmology (AAO) ayaa sheegaysa in carruurta badankood ay leeyihiin midabka indhaha oo cimrigooda ku dhammaan doona markay gaaraan qiyaastii 9 bilood. Si kastaba ha noqotee, qaar awoodo qaadan ilaa 3 sano si aad u degto midabka indhaha ee joogtada ah.

Markayna tahay midabka ilmahaagu indhahoodu qaadan doonaan, qaddarinta ayaa la isugu geeyay iyadoo laga doorbido indhaha midabka buniga ah. AAO waxay sheegaysaa in kala bar dadka Mareykanka oo dhan ay leeyihiin indho bunni ah.

Si gaar ah, daraasad 2016 oo ku lug leh 192 dhallaanka cusub ayaa lagu ogaaday in dhalashada dhalashada ee midabka iris uu ahaa:

• 63% bunni ah
• 20.8% buluug ah
• 5.7% cagaaran / hazel
• 9.9% aan la cayimin
• 0.5% heterochromia qayb ahaan (kala duwanaanta midabka)

Baarayaasha waxa kale oo ay ogaadeen inay jiraan dhallaanka cadcad / Caucasian ee indhaha buluugga ah iyo Aasiyaan badan, Dhaladka Hawaiianka / Jasiiradaha Baasifigga, iyo dhallaanka Madow / Afrikaanka Ameerika ee leh indho bunni.

Hadda oo aad si fiican u fahamtay goorta ay indhaha ilmahaagu midab beddeli karaan (oo uu noqon karo mid joogto ah), waxaa laga yaabaa inaad isweydiiso waxa ka socda daaha gadaashiisa si isbadalkan u u dhaco.

Muxuu melanin ku sameeyaa midabka indhaha?

Melanin, oo ah nooc midab leh oo wax ku biiriya timahaaga iyo midabka maqaarkaaga, ayaa sidoo kale door ka ciyaara midabka iriska.

In kasta oo indhaha ilmaha qaarkood yihiin buluug ama cawl dhalashada, sida daraasadda kor ku xusan, qaar badan ayaa bunni ah bilowgaba.

Maaddaama melanocytes ee irisku ay uga jawaabaan iftiinka iyo melanin si qarsoodi ah, Akadeemiyada Mareykanka ee Dhakhaatiirta Carruurta (AAP) ayaa leh midabka iris-yada cunugga ayaa bilaabi doona inuu isbeddelo.

Indhaha oo ah hooska madow tan iyo dhalashadii waxay u muuqdaan inay sii madoobaadaan, halka indhaha qaar oo bilaabay hooska fudud inay iyaguna madoobaadaan kolba sida ay wax soo saarka melanin u kordhayaan.

Tani waxay caadi ahaan dhacdaa sanadka ugu horeeya noloshooda, iyadoo midabka isbeddelaya uu hoos u dhacayo 6 bilood kadib. Qaddar yar oo melanin ah ayaa keena indho buluug ah, laakiin kordhinta dheecaanka iyo ilmaha ayaa ku dambayn kara indho cagaar ama hazel.

Haddii ilmahaagu leeyahay indho bunni ah, waad u mahadcelin kartaa melanocytes-ka shaqada badan ee qariyey melanin badan si ay u soo saaraan midab madow.

Bert wuxuu yidhi "Waa melanin granules-ka lagu keydiyo iriskeena taas oo ina siinaysa midabkeena indhaha". Markasta oo ay badato melaninku, indhahaagu wey madoobaanayaan.

"Midabku dhab ahaan waa wada bunni ahaan muuqaal ahaan, laakiin qaddarka ku jira iriska ayaa go'aamin kara haddii aad leedahay indho buluug, cagaar, hazel, ama bunni ah," ayuu yidhi.

Taasi waxay tiri, Bert wuxuu tilmaamay in xitaa suuragalnimada indhuhu midabbada badalayaan ay kuxirantahay qadarka midabka ay bilaabayaan.

Sidee hiddo-wadaha door ugu leeyahay midabka indhaha

Waad uga mahadcelin kartaa hiddo-wadaha midabka indhaha ee ilmahaaga. Taasi waa, hiddo-wadaha ay labada waalidba ku darsadaan.

Laakiin intaadan gaarin naftaada dabka sare si aad ugu gudubto indhahaaga bunni, waa inaad ogaataa inaysan ahayn kaliya hal hidde oo go'aamisa midabka isha yar eeaga. Waa hiddo-wadayaal fara badan oo ku shaqeeya iskaashi.

Xaqiiqdii, AAO waxay sheegaysaa in illaa 16 hiddo-wadayaal kaladuwan ay ku lug yeelan karaan, iyadoo labada hiddo-wade ee ugu caamsan ay yihiin OCA2 iyo HERC2. Hiddo-wadayaasha kale ayaa la jaan qaadi kara labadan hidde waxayna abuuri karaan israac midabada indhaha ah ee dad kala duwan, sida ku xusan Tixraaca Hoyga Hidaha.

In kasta oo aan caadi ahayn, taasi waa sababta ay carruurtaadu u yeelan karaan indho buluug ah in kasta oo adiga iyo lammaanahaagu aad bunni yeelataan.

Waxay u badan tahay, laba waalid oo indho buluug leh waxay yeelan doonaan ilmo leh indho buluug ah, sida labada waalid ee midabada indhaha leh ay u badan tahay inay yeeshaan ilmo indho-cawl leh.

Laakiin haddii labada waalidba ay leeyihiin indho bunni ah, oo awoowe / ayeeyo ay leedahay indho buluug ah, waxaad kordhineysaa fursadaha inaad yeelato ilmo buluug leh, sida ku cad AAP. Haddii waalid ka mid ahi leeyahay indho buluug ah kan kalena leeyahay bunni, waa khamaar midabka indhaha ilmaha.

Sababaha kale ee indhaha ilmahaagu waxay u beddelaan midabbada

"Cudurka indhaha qaarkood ayaa saameyn ku yeelan kara midabka haddii ay ku lug yeeshaan iriska, taas oo ah giraanta muruqyada ee ku hareeraysan ardeyga ee xukuma qandaraaska iyo ballaarinta marka aan ka soo baxno [mugdi] meel iftiin ah, iyo dhinaca kale," ayay tiri Katherine Williamson, MD, FAAP.

Tusaalooyinka cuduradan indhaha waxaa kamid ah:

• albinism, halkaasoo indhaha, maqaarka, ama timuhu midab yar yihiin ama aan lahayn
• aniridia, maqnaanshaha buuxa ama qayb ka mid ah iriska, sidaa darteed waxaad arki doontaa wax yar ama aan lahayn midab indhaha ah, taas bedelkeed, arday weyn ama misshapen ah

Cudurada kale ee indhaha ma muuqdaan, si kastaba ha noqotee, sida indho la'aanta midabka ama glaucoma.

Heterochromia, oo lagu garto iris-ka oo aan u dhigmin midabka isla shaqsiga, ayaa dhici kara:

• dhalashada awgood
• xaalad kale awgeed
• dhibaato ka timaadda horumarka indhaha
• dhaawac ama naxdin isha awgeed

In kasta oo carruurta oo dhami ay ku koraan heerar kala duwan, khubaradu waxay yiraahdaan haddii aad aragto laba midab oo kala duwan oo indhaha ah ama iftiin midabka indhaha ah oo jira 6 ama 7 bilood, waxaa habboon in lala xiriiro dhakhtarka carruurta.

Qaadid

Ilmahaagu wuxuu la kulmi doonaa isbeddello badan sannadka ugu horreeya ee noloshiisa. Qaar ka mid ah isbeddeladan waxaad ku biirin kartaa, halka kuwa kalena ay gebi ahaanba ka baxsan yihiin xukunkaaga.

Ku darsashada hiddo-wadahaaga, ma jiraan wax badan oo aad sameyn kartid si aad saameyn ugu yeelatid midabka indhaha ilmahaaga.

Sidaa darteed, intaad u rujinayso "buluuga ilmaha" ama "gabar indho-cawl leh," waxaa fiican inaadan aad ugu xirmin midabka isha yar eeaga illaa dhalashadooda koowaad ka dib.