Nephrocalcinosis

Nephrocalcinosis waa cilad ay ku jiraan kalsiyum aad u tiro badan oo lagu keydiyo kilyaha. Waxay ku badan tahay carruurta dhiciska ah.

Cillad kasta oo keenta heerarka sare ee kaalshiyamka dhiigga ama kaadida waxay u horseedi kartaa nephrocalcinosis. Cilladaan, kaalshiyamku wuxuu dhigaa unugyada kalyaha laftiisa. Inta badan, labada kelyoodba waa la saameeyaa.

Nephrocalcinosis wuxuu la xiriiraa, laakiin isku mid ma aha, dhagxaan kellida (nephrolithiasis).

Xaaladaha sababi kara nephrocalcinosis waxaa ka mid ah:

• Syndome Alport
• Cudurka Bartter
• Xanuunka 'glomerulonephritis' daba-dheer
• Hypomagnesemia qoyska
• Medullary kelyaha isbuunyada
• Hyperoxaluria aasaasiga ah
• Diidmada Qalitaanka Kelyaha
• Kelyaha tubular acidosis (RTA)
• Cudurka neerfaha ee loo yaqaan 'kilyaha'

Sababaha kale ee suurtogalka ah ee nephrocalcinosis waxaa ka mid ah:

• Sumowga sunta ah ee loo yaqaan 'ethylene glycol'
• Hypercalcemia (kalsiyum badan oo ku jirta dhiigga) sababtoo ah hyperparathyroidism
• Isticmaalka dawooyinka qaarkood, sida acetazolamide, amphotericin B, iyo triamterene
• Sarcoidosis
• Cudurka qaaxada ee kalyaha iyo infekshannada la xiriira AIDS-ka
• Sunta Fitamiin D

Waqtiga intiisa badan, ma jiraan calaamado hore oo nephrocalcinosis oo ka baxsan kuwa xaaladda dhibaatada keenaya.

Dadka sidoo kale leh dhagax kalyaha waxay yeelan karaan:

• Dhiig ku jira kaadida
• Qandho iyo dhaxan
• Lalabbo iyo matag
• Xanuun daran oo ku dhaca aagga caloosha, dhinacyada dhabarka (baal), gumaarka, ama xiniinyaha

Calaamadaha dambe ee laxiriira nephrocalcinosis waxaa laga yaabaa inay la xiriiraan kelyo xanuun muddo dheer ah (daba dheeraaday).

Nephrocalcinosis waa la ogaan karaa marka astaamaha kelyaha oo yaraada, kelyaha oo shaqeynaya, uropathy-ka xannibaadda, ama dhagxaanta kaadi mareenka ay soo baxaan.

Tijaabinta sawirka ayaa kaa caawin kara ogaanshaha xaaladdan. Tijaabooyinka la qaadi karo waxaa ka mid ah:

• Sawirka CT-ga ee caloosha
• Ultrasound ee kelyaha

Tijaabooyinka kale ee loo samayn karo si loo ogaado loona ogaado darnaanta dhibaatooyinka la xiriira waxaa ka mid ah:

• Tijaabooyinka dhiigga si loo hubiyo heerarka kaalshiyamka, fosfateerka, uric acid, iyo hormoonka parathyroid
• Kaadida si loo arko kiristaalo loona hubiyo unugyada dhiigga cas
• Ururinta kaadida 24-saac si loo cabiro aashitada iyo heerarka kaalshiyamka, sodium, uric acid, oxalate, iyo citrate

Ujeedada daaweyntu waa in la yareeyo astaamaha lagana hortago kalsiyum badan oo ku soo kordha kelyaha.

Daaweyntu waxay ku lug yeelan doontaa habab lagu yareeyo heerarka aan caadiga ahayn ee kalsiyum, fosfateerka, iyo oxalate ee dhiigga iyo kaadida. Ikhtiyaarrada waxaa ka mid ah in isbeddel lagu sameeyo cuntadaada iyo in la qaato daawooyinka iyo nafaqada.

Haddii aad qaadato daawo keena kalsiyum, bixiyahaaga daryeelka caafimaad ayaa kuu sheegi doona inaad joojiso qaadashada. Weligaa ha joojin qaadashada wax daawo ah kahor intaadan lahadlin takhtarkaaga.

Calaamadaha kale, oo ay ku jiraan dhagxaanta kelyaha, waa in loola dhaqmaa sida ugu habboon.

Waxa la filan karo waxay kuxirantahay dhibaatooyinka iyo sababta cilladda.

Daaweynta saxda ahi waxay kaa caawin kartaa kahortaga dhigaal dheeraad ah oo kelyaha ah. Xaaladaha badankood, ma jirto qaab looga takhaluso deebaajiga horay u sameysmay. Kayd badan oo kalsiyum ah oo ku jira kelyaha MAYA marwalba macnaheedu ma aha dhaawac daran oo soo gaara kilyaha.

Dhibaatooyinka waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Kelyo xanuun daran
• Kelyaha oo muddo dheer shaqeeya (daba dheeraada)
• Dhagaxaanta kilyaha
• Cudurka 'uropathy' oo waxyeello leh (mid daran ama mid daba dheeraada, mid dhinac ah ama laba geesood ah)

Wac adeeg bixiyahaaga haddii aad ogtahay inaad qabtid cillad sababa heerar sare oo kaalshiyam ah oo ku jira dhiiggaaga iyo kaadidaada. Sidoo kale wac haddii aad isku aragto calaamadaha nephrocalcinosis.

Daaweynta degdega ah ee cudurada keena nephrocalcinosis, oo ay ku jiraan RTA, ayaa laga yaabaa inay ka caawiso kahortaga inay horumarto. Biyo badan oo la cabo si kelyaha loo daayo oo biyo looga baxo ayaa kaa caawin doonta ka hortagga ama yareynta sameynta dhagaxa sidoo kale.

• Dhagxaanta kilyaha - waxaad weydiiso dhakhtarkaaga

• Nidaamka kaadi-mareenka ragga

Bushinsky DA. Dhagaxaanta kilyaha. Gudaha: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Buugga Buugga Endocrinology. 14aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 32.

Chen W, Monk RD, Bushinsky DA. Nephrolithiasis iyo nephrocalcinosis. Gudaha: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. Neefroloji Caafimaad oo dhameystiran. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: cutubka 57.

Tublin M, Levine D, Thurston W, Wilson SR. Kelyaha iyo kaadi mareenka. Gudaha: Rumack CM, Levine D, eds. Ultrasound Baarista. 5aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: cutubka 9.

Vogt BA, Springel T. Kelyaha iyo marinka kaadi mareenka qofka dhasha ah. Gudaha: Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, eds. Fanaroff iyo Martin ee Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine. 11aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 93.