Burooyinka pituitary

Buro burada (pituitary buro) waa koritaan aan caadi ahayn oo ku dhaca qanjirka 'pituitary gland'. Pituitary waa qanjir yar oo kuyaala salka maskaxda. Waxay nidaamisaa dheelitirka jirka ee hormoonno badan.

Badi burooyinka pituitary waa noncancerous (benign). Ilaa 20% dadku waxay leeyihiin burooyinka pituitary. Qaar badan oo burooyinkaan ka mid ah ma keenaan astaamo waligoodna lama oga inta uu nool yahay qofka.

Pituitary-ga waa qeyb ka mid ah nidaamka endocrine. Pituitary wuxuu caawiyaa xakamaynta sii deynta hoormoonka qanjidhada kale ee endocrine, sida qanjirka 'thyroid', qanjidhada galmada (xiniinyaha ama ugxansidaha), iyo qanjidhada adrenal. Pituitary wuxuu kaloo sii daayaa hormoonno si toos ah u taabanaya unugyada jirka, sida lafaha iyo qanjidhada caanaha naaska. Hormoonnada pituitary waxaa ka mid ah:

• Hormarka Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
• Hormoonka koritaanka (GH)
• Prolactin
• Hormone-kicinta hoormoonka (TSH)
• Hormoonka Luteinizing (LH) iyo hormoonka kiciya follicle (FSH)

Markuu burada pituitary-gu sii kordho, unugyada caadiga ah ee sii-deynta hoormoonka pituitary-ga ayaa dhaawacmi kara. Tani waxay keenaysaa qanjirka 'pituitary gland' inuusan soo saarin ku filan hormoonnadiisa. Xaaladdaan waxaa lagu magacaabaa hypopituitarism.

Sababaha burooyinka pituitary lama oga. Burooyinka qaar waxaa sababa xanuuno dhaxal ahaan ah sida endocrine neoplasia I (MEN I).

Qanjirka 'pituitary gland' waxaa saameyn ku yeelan kara burooyinka kale ee maskaxda ee ka soo baxa isla qeybta maskaxda (salka dhakada), taasoo keenta astaamo isku mid ah.

Qaar ka mid ah burooyinka pituitary waxay soo saaraan wax badan oo ka mid ah ama ka badan hormoonno. Natiijo ahaan, astaamaha hal ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah xaaladaha soo socda ayaa dhici kara:

• Hyperthyroidism (qanjirka 'thyroid' wuxuu sameeyaa wax badan oo ka mid ah hoormoonadiisa; tani waa xaalad aad u yar oo ah burooyinka pituitary)
• Cushing syndrome (jidhku wuxuu ka sarreeyaa heerka caadiga ah ee hormoonka cortisol)
• Gigantism (koritaan aan caadi ahayn oo ka sarreeya heerka caadiga ah ee hoormoonka koritaanka inta lagu jiro carruurnimada) ama acromegaly (ka sarreeya heerka caadiga ah ee hormoonka koritaanka ee dadka waaweyn)
• Dheecaanada naaska ka baxa iyo caadada haweenka oo aan caadi ahayn ama ka maqnaan
• Shaqada galmada ee ragga oo yaraatay

Calaamadaha lagu garto culeyska burooyinka waaweyn ee 'pituitary buro' waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Isbedelada aragga sida aragga laba-laabma, aragga oo lumiya (luminta aragga durugsan), baalal-dhaca indhaha ama isbeddelada aragtida midabka.
• Madax xanuun.
• Tamar la’aan.
• Dheecaanka sanka ee dheecaanka cad, cusbada leh.
• Lalabbo iyo matag.
• Dhibaatooyinka xagga dareenka urta.
• Marar dhif ah, astaamahan waxay u dhacaan si lama filaan ah waxayna noqon karaan kuwo daran (pituitary apoplexy).

Bixiyahaaga daryeelka caafimaadka ayaa sameyn doona baaritaan jireed. Bixiyuhu wuxuu ogaan doonaa wixii dhibaato ah ee aragga iyo aragtida aragtida ah, sida luminta aragga dhinac (durugsan) aragga ama awoodda wax looga arko meelaha qaarkood.

Imtixaanku wuxuu hubin doonaa calaamadaha cortisol aad u badan (Cushing syndrome), hormoon aad u badan oo koritaan (acromegaly), ama prolactin aad u badan (prolactinoma).

Tijaabooyinka lagu hubinayo shaqada endocrine waa la dalban karaa, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• Heerarka Cortisol - baaritaanka xakamaynta dexamethasone, kaadida cortisol, tijaabada cortisol candhuufta
• Heerka FSH
• Cunsurka kobaca insulin-1 (IGF-1)
• LHlevel
• Heerka Prolactin
• Heerarka testosterone / estradiol
• Heerarka hoormoonka tayroodhka - tijaabada T4 oo bilaash ah, baaritaanka TSH

Tijaabooyinka caawiya xaqiijinta cudurka waxaa ka mid ah kuwan soo socda:

• Meelaha muuqaalka ah
• MRI madaxa

Qalliin si looga saaro buro badanaa waa loobaahanyahay, qaasatan haduu buradu culays saarayo neerfaha xukuma aragga (neerfayaasha indhaha).

Inta badan, burooyinka pituitary waxaa qalliin looga saari karaa sanka iyo sanka. Haddii burada sidaan looga bixi karin, waxaa lagaa qaadayaa madaxa.

Daaweynta shucaaca waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu yareeyo burada dadka aan qaliin karin. Sidoo kale waa la isticmaali karaa haddii burooyinka soo laabtaan qalitaanka ka dib.

Xaaladaha qaarkood, daawooyinka ayaa loo qoraa si loo yareeyo noocyada burooyinka qaarkood.

Kheyraadkaani waxay ku siin karaan macluumaad dheeraad ah burooyinka pituitary:

• Machadka Kansarka Qaranka - www.cancer.gov/types/pituitary
• Ururka Shabakadda Pituitary Network - pituitary.org
• Bulshada Pituitary - www.pituitarysociety.org

Haddii burooyinka qalliin lagu saari karo, aragtidu waa mid u roon mid wanaagsan, iyadoo kuxiran hadday burooyinka oo dhan ka baxeen.

Dhibaatada ugu daran waa indho la’aan. Tani waxay dhici kartaa haddii dareemaha indhaha uu si daran u dhaawacmay.

Burada ama ka saaristeeda waxay sababi kartaa isku dheelitirnaan la’aan hormoon oo dhan. Hormoonnada ay dhibaatadu saameysey waxay u baahan karaan in la beddelo, waxaadna u baahan kartaa inaad daawooyin qaadatid inta noloshaada ka hartay.

Burooyinka iyo qalliinka ayaa mararka qaarkood dhaawici kara qanjirka dambe ee jirka (qeybta dambe ee qanjirka). Tani waxay u horseedi kartaa cudurka 'insipidus' ee sonkorowga, xaalad leh astaamo kaadi saa'id ah iyo harraad daran.

Wac daryeel bixiyahaaga haddii aad isku aragto astaamo kasta oo ah burooyinka pituitary.

Buro - pituitary; Pituitary adenoma

• Qanjirada 'Endocrine'
• Qanjirka 'pituitary gland'

Dorsey JF, Salinas RD, Dang M, iyo al. Kansarka habka dhexe ee neerfaha. Gudaha: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: baab 63.

Melmed S, Kleinberg D. Cudurka Pituitary iyo burooyinka. Gudaha: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, eds. Williams Buugga Buugga Endocrinology. 13aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: cutubka 9.