Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome waa xaalad qofka ku keenta inuu sameeyo dhaqdhaqaaqyo soo noqnoqda, deg deg ah ama codad uusan xakamayn karin.

Cudurka 'Tourette syndrome' waxaa loogu magac daray Georges Gilles de la Tourette, oo markii ugu horreysay sharraxay cilladan sanadkii 1885. Cilladaan ayaa loo badinayaa inay u gudubtay qoysaska.

Cillad xanuunka waxaa laga yaabaa inuu xiriir la leeyahay dhibaatooyinka ka jira meelaha maskaxda qaarkood. Waxay ku xirnaan kartaa walxaha kiimikada (dopamine, serotonin, iyo norepinephrine) oo caawiya unugyada dareemayaasha inay midba midka kale u istcimaalo.

Tourette syndrome wuxuu noqon karaa mid daran ama mid fudud. Dad badan oo qaba farsamooyin aad u fudud ayaa laga yaabaa inaanay ka warqabin oo aysan weligood raadsan caawimaad caafimaad. Dad aad u tiro yar ayaa leh noocyo daran oo Tourette syndrome ah.

Cudurka 'Tourette syndrome' waa 4 jeer oo ay u badan tahay inuu ku dhaco wiilasha sida gabdhaha oo kale. Waxaa jirta fursad 50% ah in qofka qaba Tourette syndrome uu hidde-sidaha ugu gudbin doono carruurtiisa ama carruurteeda.

Astaamaha Tourette syndrome badanaa waxaa la ogaadaa inta lagu guda jiro caruurnimada, inta udhaxeysa 7 iyo 10. Caruurta badankood ee qaba cudurka Tourette sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo kale. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid noqon kara khalkhalka feejignaanta maqnaanshaha (ADHD), jahwareerka qasabka ah ee qasabka ah (OCD), jahwareerka xakameynta kicinta, ama niyadjabka.

Calaamadaha ugu horreeya ee ugu caansan ayaa ah wajiga wajiga. Tics kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay raacaan. Tic waa dhaqdhaqaaq lama filaan ah, degdeg ah, soo noqnoqonaya ama dhawaq.

Astaamaha Tourette syndrome waxay u dhexeeyaan dhaqdhaqaaqyo yaryar, dhaqdhaqaaqyo yaryar (sida cirridka, urinta, ama qufaca) illaa dhaqdhaqaaqyo joogto ah iyo dhawaqyo aan la xakamayn karin.

Noocyada kala duwan ee tics waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Gacan riixid
• Indho birbirqaya
• Boodayaa
• Laadin
• Cune soo noqnoqda oo nadiifinta ama urinta
• Garbaha oo la ruxruxo

Tics ayaa dhici kara marar badan maalintii. Waxay u muuqdaan inay horumariyaan ama kasii daraan waqtiyo kala duwan. Tics-ka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu isbeddelo waqti ka dib. Calaamadaha badanaa way sii xumaadaan kahor bartamaha-dhallinta.

Ka soo horjeedda aaminaadda caanka ah, tiro yar oo dad ah ayaa adeegsada ereyo habaar ah ama ereyo kale oo aan habboonayn ama weedho (coprolalia).

Tourette syndrome wuu ka duwan yahay OCD. Dadka qaba OCD waxay dareemaan inay tahay inay sameeyaan dabeecadaha. Mararka qaarkood qofku wuxuu yeelan karaa Tourette syndrome iyo OCD labadaba.

Dad badan oo qaba cudurka 'Tourette syndrome' ayaa joojin kara sameynta tic-ga in muddo ah. Laakiin waxay ogaadeen in tic-ga uu ka xoog badan yahay daqiiqado yar ka dib markay u oggolaadaan inuu dib u bilowdo. Badanaa, tic wuu gaabiyaa ama istaagaa inta lagu jiro hurdada.

Ma jiraan baaritaanno shaybaar oo lagu baaro cudurka Tourette syndrome. Bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadka ayaa laga yaabaa inuu sameeyo baaritaan si looga saaro sababaha kale ee astaamaha.

Si looga helo cudurka Tourette syndrome, qofku waa inuu:

• Aad leedahay mootooyin badan iyo hal ama in kabadan codad cod ah, inkasta oo tikidhadaasi aysan dhici karin isla waqtigaas.
• Hayso ticisyo dhaca marar badan maalintii, ku dhowaad maalin kasta ama shidasho ama dami, muddo ka badan 1 sano.
• Waxaan bilaabay tics ka hor da'da 18.
• Ha haysanin dhibaato kale oo maskaxeed oo sababi kara astaamaha.

Dadka leh astaamo khafiif ah lama daaweeyo. Tani waa sababta oo ah dhibaatooyinka soo raaca ee daawooyinka ayaa ka sii xumaan kara calaamadaha cudurka Tourette syndrome.

Nooc ka mid ah daaweynta hadalka (daaweynta dabeecadda garashada leh) ee loo yaqaan caado-ka-noqoshada ayaa gacan ka geysan karta xakamaynta tics.

Daawooyin kala duwan ayaa loo heli karaa in lagu daaweeyo cudurka Tourette. Daawada saxda ah ee la isticmaalo waxay kuxirantahay astaamaha iyo dhibaatooyinka kale ee caafimaad.

Weydii adeeg bixiyahaaga haddii kicinta maskaxda ee qoto dheer ay adiga ikhtiyaar kuu tahay. Waxaa loo qiimeynayaa astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee cudurka Tourette syndrome iyo dabeecadaha qasabka ah ee qasabka ah. Daaweynta laguma talin marka astaamahan ay ku dhacaan isla qof.

Macluumaad dheeraad ah iyo taageero loogu talagalay dadka qaba cudurka Tourette syndrome iyo qoysaskooda waxaa laga heli karaa:

• Tourette Association of America - tourette.org/online-support-groups-tourette-syndrome/

Calaamadaha badanaa waa kuwa ugu xun inta lagu guda jiro sannadaha qaan-gaarka ka dibna waxay ku fiicnaadaan da'da qaan-gaarka. Dadka qaarkiis, astaamaha ayaa gabi ahaanba iska taga dhowr sano ka dibna dib u soo noqda. Dad yar, astaamuhu kuma soo noqdaan gabi ahaanba.

Xaaladaha laga yaabo inay ku dhacaan dadka qaba Tourette syndrome waxaa ka mid ah:

• Arimaha xakameynta xanaaqa
• Ciladda feejignaanta yaraanta feejignaanta (ADHD)
• Dabeecad xumo
• Disorder Waswaaska khasban
• Xirfadaha bulshada oo liita

Xaaladahan ayaa u baahan in la baaro lana daweeyo.

Ballan ka sameyso bixiyahaaga haddii adiga ama cunugga aad qabtiin farsamooyin daran ama joogto ah, ama haddii ay farageliyaan nolol maalmeedka.

Ma jiro ka hortag la yaqaan.

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; Dhibaatooyinka Tic - Tourette syndrome

Jankovic J. Parkinson cudurka iyo cilladaha kale ee dhaqdhaqaaqa. Gudaha: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology ee Tababbarka Caafimaadka. 7aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: cutubka 96.

Martinez-Ramirez D, Jimenez-Shahed J, Leckman JF, iyo al. Waxtarka iyo badbaadada kicinta maskaxda ee qotada dheer ee cudurka Tourette Syndrome: International Tourette Syndrome 'Deep Brain Stimulation Database' iyo Diiwaanka. JAMA Neurol. 2018; 75 (3): 353-359. PMID: 29340590 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29340590/.

Ryan CA, Walter HJ, DeMaso DR. Ciladaha mootooyinka iyo caadooyinka. Gudaha: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Buugga Buugga Caafimaadka Caruurta. 21aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: baab 37.