Qanjirada 'Adrenal'

Qanjirada 'adrenal gland' waa laba qanjirro yaryar oo qaabeeya saddexagal. Hal qanjidh ayaa ku yaal keli kasta dusheeda.

Qanjirka 'adrenal gland' kasta wuxuu qiyaas ahaan le'eg yahay qaybta sare ee suulka. Qaybta kore ee qanjirka waxaa loo yaqaan 'cortex'. Waxay soo saartaa hormoonnada isteeroydhiska sida cortisol, aldosterone, iyo hormoonno loo beddeli karo testosterone. Qaybta hoose ee qanjirka waxaa loo yaqaannaa medulla. Waxay soo saartaa epinephrine iyo norepinephrine. Hormoonadan ayaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan adrenaline iyo noradrenaline.

Marka qanjidhada ay soo saaraan hormoonno ka badan ama ka yar sidii caadiga ahayd, waad xanuunsan kartaa. Tani waxay dhici kartaa dhalashada ama nolosha dambe.

Qanjirada 'adrenal gland' waxaa saameyn ku yeelan kara cudurro badan, sida cilladaha isdifaaca jirka, caabuqyada, burooyinka, iyo dhiig baxa. Qaarkood waa joogto qaarna waqti ka dib ayey iska baxaan. Daawooyinka sidoo kale waxay saameyn ku yeelan karaan qanjidhada adrenal.

Pituitary, qanjir yar oo kuyaala salka hoose ee maskaxda, wuxuu soo daayaa hormoon la yiraahdo ACTH oo muhiim u ah kicinta kiliyaha adrenal. Cudurada pituitary waxay u horseedi karaan dhibaatooyin xagga shaqada ah adrenal.

Xaaladaha la xiriira dhibaatooyinka qanjidhada adrenal waxaa ka mid ah:

• Cudurka Addison, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno adrenal insufficiency - disorder oo dhaca marka qanjidhada adrenal aysan soo saarin hormoonno ku filan
• Cudurka 'adrenal hyperplasia' - cillad aan caadi aheyn oo qanjidhada adrenal la'aanta enzyme loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo hormoonno
• Cudurka 'Cushing syndrome' - cillad caafimaad darro oo dhacda marka jirku yeesho heer sare oo ah hormoonka cortisol
• Sonkorowga mellitus (sonkorta dhiigga oo sareysa) oo ay keento qanjirka 'adrenal gland' oo sameeya cortisol aad u badan
• Dawooyinka Glucocorticoid sida prednisone, dexamethasone, iyo kuwa kale
• Timo xad dhaaf ah ama aan loo baahnayn haweenka (hirsutism)
• U bood garbaha gadaashiisa (suufka dufanka ilmo galeenka)
• Hypoglycemia - sonkorta dhiiga oo hooseysa
• Aldosteronism-ka aasaasiga ah (Conn syndrome) - cilad ku timaadda qanjidhada 'adrenal gland' ay sii deyso wax badan oo ka mid ah hoormoonka aldosterone
• Dhiig-baxa adrenal laba-geesoodka ah (Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome) - ku guuldareysiga qanjidhada adrenal inay shaqeeyaan sababtoo ah dhiig-baxa qanjirka, badanaa la xiriira infakshan daran, oo loo yaqaan sepsis

• Qanjirada 'Endocrine'
• Qanjirada 'Adrenal'
• Cad ka-qaadista qanjidhada 'Adrenal gland biopsy'

Friedman TC. Qanjirka 'Adrenal'. Gudaha: Benjamin IJ, Griggs RC, Wing EJ, Fitz JG, eds. Andreoli iyo Carpenter’s Cecil Essentials of Medicine. 9aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: cutubka 64.

Newell-Price JDC, Auchus RJ. Kiliyaha adrenal. Gudaha: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Williams Buugga Buugga Endocrinology. 14aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 15.

Joogtada S. qanjirka 'Suprarenal' (adrenal). Gudaha: Joogtada S, ed. Cudurka Gray. Tirsigii 41aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: cutubka 71.