Isha

Qeybta dambe ee isha waa lakabka nudaha xasaasiga ah ee nudaha xagga dambe ee kubbadda isha. Sawirada ka soo baxa muraayadaha indhaha waxay diiradda saarayaan qeybta dambe ee isha. Dib-u-eegiddu waxay markaa u beddelaysaa sawirradan calaamadaha korantada waxayna u diraysaa iyada oo ay weheliso neerfaha indhaha maskaxda.

Qeybta dambe ee isha waxay badanaa u egtahay casaan ama oranji maxaa yeelay waxaa jira xididdo badan oo dhiig isla gadaashiisa. Indhthalmoscope wuxuu u ogolaanayaa bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadka inuu ku arko ardaygaaga iyo muraayada indhaha si uu ugu arko isha. Mararka qaarkood sawirrada ama baaritaannada gaarka ah ee qaybta dambe ee retina waxay muujin karaan waxyaabo uusan bixiyuhu arki karin oo keliya isagoo fiirinaya qeybta dambe ee isha iyadoo loo marayo indha-indheynta. Haddii dhibaatooyinka kale ee indhaha ay xannibaan aragtida adeeg bixiyaha ee isha, ultrasound waa la isticmaali karaa.

Qof kasta oo la kulma dhibaatooyinkan aragga waa inuu maraa baaritaanka isha:

• Isbeddelada ku-fiiqnaanta aragtida
• Luminta aragtida midabka
• Nalalka iftiinka ama sabeynta
• Aragti qaldan

• Isha

Schubert HD. Qaab dhismeedka xubinta dambe ee neerfaha. Gudaha: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Indhaha. 5aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: cutubka 6.1.

Reh TA. Horumarka xubinta taranka. Gudaha: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. Ryan's Retina. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: cutubka 15.

Yanoff M, Cameron JD. Cudurada nidaamka muuqaalka. Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 25aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: cutubka 423.