Kansarka sambabka

Kansarka sambabka waa kansar ka bilaabma sambabaha.

Sambabadu waxay ku yaalliin laabta. Markaad neefsato, hawadu waxay marto sankaaga, mashiinkaaga neef mareenka (trachea), iyo sambabada, halkaas oo ay ku dhex socoto tuubooyin loo yaqaan bronchi. Inta badan kansarka sanbabadu wuxuu ka bilaabmaa unugyada safka ku jira tuubooyinkan.

Waxa jira laba nooc oo kansarka sambabaha ah:

• Kansarka sanbabada ee unugyada yar (NSCLC) waa nooca ugu badan ee kansarka sanbabada.
• Kansarka sambabka ee unugyada yar (SCLC) wuxuu ka kooban yahay 20% dhammaan kiisaska kansarka sanbabada.

Haddii kansarka sambabka uu ka kooban yahay labada noocba, waxaa loo yaqaannaa isku-dhaf yar oo unug / unug weyn oo isku-dhafan.

Haddii kansarku ka billowdo meel kale oo jirka ka mid ah oo uu ku fido sambabada, waxaa loogu yeeraa sambabka metastatic.

Kansarka sambabka waa nooca ugu dhimashada badan ee kansarka ragga iyo dumarka. Sannad kasta, dad aad u badan ayaa u dhinta kansarka sanbabada marka loo barbar dhigo kansarka naasaha, malawadka, iyo qanjirka 'prostate'.

Kansarka sambabka ayaa ku badan dadka waaweyn. Waa dhif iyo naadir dadka ka yar da'da 45.

Sigaar cabiddu waa sababta ugu weyn ee keenta kansarka sanbabada. Ku dhowaad 90% kansarka sanbabada wuxuu la xiriiraa sigaar cabista. Inta badan sigaarka aad cabtid maalintii iyo intii ka horreysay ee aad sigaarka cabi jirtayba, ayaa halista aad ugu jirtaa kansarka sanbabada. Khatartu way yaraanaysaa waqtiga ka dib markaad sigaarka joojiso. Ma jiraan wax caddeyn ah in sigaar cabista sigaarka daamurka hooseeya ay khatarta hoos u dhigeyso.

Noocyada kansarka sanbabada qaarkood ayaa sidoo kale saameyn ku yeelan kara dadka aan weligood sigaar cabbin.

Sigaar-cabista sigaarka (neefsashada qiiqa dadka kale) waxay kordhisaa halista aad ugu jirto kansarka sanbabada.

Kuwa soo socda ayaa waliba kordhin kara halista kansarka sanbabada:

• Ku-soo-gaadhista asbestos
• Soo-gaadhista kiimikooyinka keena kansarka sida uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, waxyaabaha laga sameeyo dhuxusha, gaaska iniin khardal, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, iyo naaftada qiiqa
• U-soo-gaadhista gaaska radon
• Taariikhda qoyska ee kansarka sanbabada
• Heerarka sare ee wasakheynta hawada
• Heerarka sare ee arsenik ee biyaha la cabbo
• Daaweynta shucaaca ee sanbabada

Kansarka sanbabada ee hore ma keeni karo wax astaamo ah.

Calaamaduhu waxay kuxiran yihiin nooca kansarka aad qabtid, laakiin waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Laab xanuun
• Qufac aan tagaynin
• Qufac dhiig
• Daal
• Miisaan lumis adigoon isku dayin
• Cunto xumo
• Neefta oo kugu yaraata
• Xiiqii

Calaamadaha kale ee sidoo kale ku dhici kara kansarka sanbabada, badanaa marxaladaha dambe:

• Lafa xanuun ama danqasho
• Indhaha oo soo daadanaya
• Curyaannimo wajiga
• Cabaadis ama cod beddelasho
• Xanuun wadajir ah
• Dhibaatooyinka ciddiyaha
• Garab xanuun
• Dhibaato liqitaan
• Barar wejiga ama gacmaha ah
• Tabar darrida

Calaamadahaan sidoo kale waxaa sababi kara xaalado kale oo aan sidaa u sii buurnayn, sidaa darteed waa muhiim inaad la hadasho bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadkaaga.

Kansarka sambabka waxaa badanaa la helaa marka raajo ama CT scan loo sameeyo sabab kale.

Haddii kansarka sanbabada laga shakiyo, adeeg bixiyuhu wuxuu sameyn doonaa baaritaan jireed wuxuuna weydiin doonaa taariikhdaada caafimaad. Waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa inaad sigaar cabto. Hadday sidaas tahay, waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa inta aad sigaar cabto iyo muddada aad cabtay. Waxaa sidoo kale lagu weydiin doonaa waxyaabo kale oo laga yaabo inay qatar kuu geliyaan kansarka sanbabada, sida soo-gaadhista kiimikooyinka qaarkood.

Markuu laabta ku dhageysto stethoscope, adeeg bixiyuhu wuxuu maqli karaa dareeraha hareeraha sanbabada. Tani waxay soo jeedin kartaa kansar.

Tijaabooyinka laga yaabo in lagu sameeyo si loo ogaado kansarka sanbabada ama loo arko inuu faafay waxaa ka mid ah:

• Baadhitaanka lafaha
• Raajo xabadka ah
• Tirinta dhiigga oo dhameystiran (CBC)
• Baadhitaanka CT ee laabta
• MRI ee xabadka
• Baadhitaanka 'Positron emission tomography' (PET) iskaanka
• Baadhitaanka xaakada si loo raadiyo unugyada kansarka
• Thoracentesis (sambal ka qaadista dheecaanka hareeraha sanbabada)

Xaaladaha badankood, qayb unug ah ayaa laga soo saari doonaa sambabahaaga si loogu baaro mikroskoob. Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa biopsy. Waxaa jira dhowr dariiqo oo tan lagu sameeyo:

• Bronchoscopy oo lagu daro biopsy
• Cad ka-qaadista cirbadaha ee loo yaqaan 'CT-scan'
• Ultrasound hunguriga hunguriga (Endoscopic esophageal ultrasound (EUS) with biopsy)
• Mediastinoscopy oo leh biopsy
• Qalitaanka sambabka oo furan
• Cad ka-qaadista noolaha

Haddii cad ka-qaadista ay muujiso kansar, baaritaanno dheeri ah ayaa la sameeyaa si loo ogaado heerka kansarka. Marxaladdu waxay ka dhigan tahay sida ay u weyn tahay burodu iyo inta ay u fiday. Diyaarinta waxay kaa caawineysaa hagida daaweynta iyo dabagalka waxayna ku siineysaa fikrad ah waxa aad filan karto.

Daaweynta kansarka sanbabada waxay kuxirantahay nooca kansarka, heerka uu gaarsiisan yahay, iyo caafimaadkaaga:

• Qalliin si looga saaro burooyinka waxaa la sameyn karaa markii uusan ku faafin meelo ka baxsan qanjirada qanjidhka.
• Chemotherapy waxay isticmaashaa daawooyin si ay u disho unugyada kansarka ugana joojiso unugyada cusub inay koraan.
• Daaweynta shucaaca waxay isticmaashaa raajo xoog leh ama qaabab kale oo shucaac ah si loo dilo unugyada kansarka.

Daawooyinka kor ku xusan waxaa lagu sameyn karaa kaligood ama isku dhafan. Bixiyahaaga ayaa kuu sheegi kara wax badan oo ku saabsan daaweynta gaarka ah ee aad heli doonto, iyadoo kuxiran nooca gaarka ah ee kansarka sanbabada iyo heerka ay tahay.

Waad yareyn kartaa diiqada jirrada adoo ku biiraya kooxda taageerta kansarka. La wadaagida dadka kale ee leh khibradaha guud iyo dhibaatooyinka ayaa kaa caawin kara inaadan kali dareemin.

Sida ugu wanaagsan ee aad wax u qabato waxay ku xiran tahay inta uu ku faafay kansarka sanbabada.

Wac adeeg bixiyahaaga haddii aad leedahay astaamo kansarka sanbabada, gaar ahaan haddii aad sigaar cabto.

Haddii aad sigaar cabto, hadda waa waqtigii aad joojin lahayd. Haddii aad dhibaato ku qabto joojinta, kala hadal adeeg bixiyahaaga. Waxaa jira habab badan oo kaa caawinaya inaad joojiso, laga bilaabo kooxaha taageerada illaa daawooyinka laguu qoro. Sidoo kale, iskuday inaad iska ilaaliso sigaar cabista sigaarka.

Kansarka - sambabka

• Qalliinka sambabka - dheecaan

Araujo LH, Horn L, Merritt RE, iyo al. Kansarka sambabka: kansarka sambabka unuga aan yareyn iyo kansarka sambabka unuga yar. Gudaha: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 69.

Gillaspie EA, Lewis J, Leora Horn L. Kansarka sambabka. Gudaha: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Daaweynta Conn ee hadda 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 862-871.

Websaydhka Machadka Kansarka Qaranka. Daaweynta kansarka sanbabada ee aan-yareyn (PDQ) - nooc xirfad-yaqaan caafimaad ah. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. La cusbooneysiiyay May 7, 2020. Waxaa la helay July 14, 2020.

Websaydhka Machadka Kansarka Qaranka. Daaweynta kansarka sanbabada ee unugyada yar (PDQ) - nooca xirfadlaha caafimaadka. www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq. La cusbooneysiiyay Maarso 24, 2020. Waxaa la helay July 14, 2020.

Silvestri GA, Pastis NJ, Tanner NT, Jett JR. Qaybaha caafimaadka ee kansarka sanbabada. Gudaha: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, eds. Murray iyo Nadel ee Buugga Caafimaadka Neefsashada. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: cutubka 53.