Qoraa: William Ramirez
Taariikhda Abuurista: 22 Setembar 2021
Taariikhda Cusboonaysiinta: 21 Juun 2024
Anonim
USMLE: Medical Video Lectures Pharmacology about Ganciclovir by UsmleTeam
Dareemoleyad: USMLE: Medical Video Lectures Pharmacology about Ganciclovir by UsmleTeam

Qanacsan

Ganciclovir wuxuu yareeyn karaa tirada dhammaan noocyada unugyada dhiigaaga ku jira, taasoo sababi karta dhibaatooyin halis ah oo nolosha halis geliya. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabto ama aad waligaa dhiig-yaraan ku dhacday (unugyada dhiigga cas ma keenayaan oksijiin ku filan dhammaan qaybaha jirka); neutropenia (wax ka yar tirada caadiga ah ee unugyada dhiigga cad); thrombocytopenia (wax ka yar tirada caadiga ah ee platelet); ama dhiig kale ama dhibaatooyin dhiigbax ah. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad waligaa isku aragtay dhibaatooyin dhiig oo ah waxyeelo daawo kasta. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistahaaga haddii aad qaadanaysid ama aad qaadatay mid ka mid ah daawooyinka soo socda: daawooyinka xinjirowga lidka ku ah ('khafiifiyeyaasha dhiigga') sida warfarin (Coumadin); dapsone; flucytosine (Ancobon); heparin; difaaca jirka sida azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran), cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune), methotrexate (Rheumatrex), sirolimus (Rapamune), iyo tacrolimus (Prograf); interferons (Infergen, Intron A, PEGASYS, PEG-Intron, Roferon-A); daawooyinka lagu daaweeyo fayraska difaaca jirka ee dadka (HIV) iyo cillada cillad la'aanta cudurka (AIDS) oo ay ku jiraan didanosine (Videx), zalcitabine (HIVID), ama zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT); dawooyinka anti-bararka ee nonsteroidal ee lagu daweeyo xanuunka iyo bararka sida asbiriin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), iyo kuwa kale; pentamidine (NebuPent, Pentam); pyrimethamine (Daraprim, Fansidar); steroids sida dexamethasone (Decadron), prednisone (Deltasone), ama kuwa kale; trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole, Bactrim, Septra); ama haddii aad heshay ama aad qaadatid daaweynta shucaaca (raajada) .Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga: daal fara badan; maqaarka cirro leh; madax xanuun; dawakhaad; jahwareer; garaaca wadnaha oo dhakhso ah; dhibaato hurdo la'aan ama hurdo la'aan; daciifnimo; neefta oo ku qabata; dhiigbax ama nabar aan caadi ahayn; ama cuno xanuun, qandho, dhaxan, qufac, ama calaamadaha kale ee infekshanka.


Dhammaan ballamaha la dhig dhakhtarkaaga iyo shaybaarka. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa amri doona baaritaano gaar ah si loo hubiyo jawaabta jirkaaga ee ganciclovir.

Xayawaanka shaybaarka ee la siiyay ganciclovir waxay la soo baxeen cilado dhalasho. Lama oga in ganciclovir uu sababo ciladaha dhalashada ee dadka. Haddii aad uur qaadi karto, waa inaad isticmaashaa ka hortagga uurka oo waxtar leh inta aad qaadanaysid ganciclovir. Haddii aad tahay nin oo lammaanahaagu uuraysan karo, waa inaad isticmaashaa cinjirka galmada inta aad qaadanaysid dawadan, iyo 90 maalmood ka dib daaweyntaada. La hadal dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad wax su'aalo ah ka qabtid ka hortagga uurka. Ha isticmaalin ganciclovir haddii aad uur leedahay ama aad qorsheyneyso inaad uur yeelato. Haddii aad uur yeelato inta aad qaadanaysid ganciclovir, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga.

Xayawaan shaybaar ah oo la siiyay ganciclovir waxay soo saareen tira yar oo shahwo ah (unugyo taranka ragga oo yar) iyo dhibaatooyinka taranka. Lama oga in ganciclovir uu sababo tirinta shahwada ragga ama dhibaatooyinka xagga taranka haweenka.

Xayawaanka shaybaarka ee la siiyay ganciclovir waxaa ku dhacay cudurka kansarka. Lama oga haddii ganciclovir uu kordhiyo halista kansarka ku dhaca aadanaha.


Soo-saaraha ayaa ka digaya in ganciclovir kaliya loo isticmaalo daaweynta bukaanada qaba cudurada qaarkood sababtoo ah daawadu waxay sababi kartaa waxyeelo daran waxaana jira hada macluumaad ku filan oo lagu taageerayo badbaadada iyo waxtarka kooxaha kale ee bukaanada. (Eeg qaybta, MAXAA dawadan loogu qoro?)

Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga khataraha qaadashada ganciclovir.

Kaabsoolka 'Ganciclovir' waxaa loo isticmaalaa daaweynta cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (infekshinka indhaha ee sababi kara indho la'aan) ee dadka nidaamka jirkooda uusan si caadi ah u shaqeyn. Kaabsoollada 'Ganciclovir' waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo cudurka 'CMV retinitis' ka dib markii xaaladda lagu xakameeyo xididka xididka lagu duro ganciclovir. Ganciclovir sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa in looga hortago cudurka cytomegalovirus (CMV) ee dadka uu ku dhacay cillad difaac la'aanta jirka (AIDS) ama ay heleen xubinta xubinta xubinta jirka oo qatar ugu jirta cudurka CMV. Ganciclovir wuxuu ku jiraa nooc daawooyin ah oo loo yaqaan antiviral. Waxay ku shaqeysaa iyadoo laga hortagayo faafitaanka cudurka CMV ama hoos u dhiga koritaanka CMV.


Ganciclovir wuxuu u yimaadaa kaabsal afka laga qaato. Caadi ahaan waxaa lagu qaataa cuntada seddex ilaa lix jeer maalintii. Si lagaaga caawiyo inaad xasuusato qaadashada ganciclovir, qaado qiyaastii isla waqtiyadii maalin kasta. Si taxaddar leh u raac tilmaamaha ku qoran calaamadaha laguu qoray, oo weydii takhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha inuu kuu sharxo qayb kasta oo aadan fahmin. Qaado ganciclovir sida saxda ee lagu faray. Ha ka qaadin wax ka yar ama ka yar ama u qaado si ka badan inta dhakhtarku kuu qoray.

Kaabsoosha wada liq; ha furin, kala qaybin, calalin, ama burburin.

Ka taxaddar markaad taabato kaabsoosha ganciclovir. Ha u oggolaan in maqaarkaaga, indhahaaga, afkaaga, ama sankaagu ay taabtaan kaabsal ganciclovir oo jaban ama burbursan. Haddii xiriirka noocaas ahi dhaco, maqaarkaaga si fiican ugu dhaq saabuun iyo biyo ama indhahaaga si fiican ugu maydh biyo caadi ah.

Guud ahaan waxaad heli doontaa ganciclovir oo xididka lagaa siiyaa ilaa todobaadyo kahor intaadan bilaabin qaadashada kaabsoosha ganciclovir. Haddii xaaladdaadu ka sii darto inta lagu jiro daweyntaada, waxaa lagu siin karaa koorso labaad oo ah ganciclovir oo xididdada la siinayo. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu yareeyo qiyaastaada kaabsool ee ganciclovir haddii aad la kulanto waxyeelo.

Ganciclovir wuxuu xakameynayaa CMV laakiin ma daaweynayo.Waxaa laga yaabaa inay muddo qaadato kahor intaadan dareemin faa iidada buuxda ee ganciclovir. Sii wad qaadashada ganciclovir xitaa haddii aad ladnaan dareento. Ha u joojin qaadashada ganciclovir adigoon la hadlin dhakhtarkaaga. Joojinta qaadashada ganciclovir dhaqsaha badan waxay sababi kartaa xaddiga CMV ee dhiiggaaga inuu kordho ama fayrasku iska caabiyo daawadan.

Soo saaruhu wuxuu sheegayaa in dawadan aan loo qorin isticmaal kale; Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.

Kahor qaadashada ganciclovir,

  • u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistaha haddii aad xasaasiyad ku leedahay ganciclovir, acyclovir (Zovirax), valganciclovir (Valcyte), ama daawooyin kale.
  • ha u qaadan ganciclovir haddii aad qaadanaysid valganciclovir (Valcyte).
  • u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistaha waxa kale ee daawooyinka laguu qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin, fiitamiinnada, nafaqada nafaqada, iyo alaabta dhirta ee aad qaadaneyso. Hubso inaad sheegto dawooyinka ku qoran qaybta DIGNIIN MUHIIM AH iyo mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: aminoglycoside antibiotics sida amikacin (Amikin), gentamicin (Garamycin), neomycin (New-Rx, New-Fradin), netilmicin (Netromycin), streptomycin tobramycin (Nebcin, Tobi), iyo kuwa kale; amphotericin B (Fungizone); captopril (Capoten, gudaha Capozide); durayaasha ('kaniiniyada biyaha'); foscarnet (Foscavir); xeryahooda dahabiga ah sida auranofin (Ridaura) ama aurothioglucose (Solganal); imipenem-cilastatin (Primaxin); difaaca jirka globulin (gamma globulin, BayGam, Carimmune, Gammagard, kuwa kale); methicillin (Staphcillin); muromonab-CD3 (OKT3); mycophenolate mofetil (CellCept); amooniyamyada sida isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil, Sorbitrate) ama wax soo saarka nitroglycerin; penicillamine (Cuprimine, Depen); primaquine; probenecid; rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane); ama analogues kale oo nukleoside ah sida acyclovir (Zovirax), famciclovir (Famvir), iyo ribavirin (Copegus, Rebetol, Virazole, in Rebetron). Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo inuu beddelo qiyaasta daawooyinkaaga ama uu si taxaddar leh kuugu ilaaliyo dhibaatooyinka soo raaca.
  • u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad leedahay ama aad waligaa qabtid mid ka mid ah xaaladaha lagu xusay qaybta DIGNIIN MUHIIM AH ama mid ka mid ah xaaladaha soo socda: cudurka maskaxda; suuxdinta; dhibaatooyinka indhaha oo aan ka aheyn cudurka loo yaqaan 'CMV retinitis'; kilyaha, ama beer xanuun.
  • u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad naas nuujinayso. Waa inaadan naas nuujin inta aad qaadanaysid ganciclovir. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga goorta aad si ammaan ah u bilaabi karto naas nuujinta ka dib markaad joojiso qaadashada ganciclovir.
  • haddii aad qalliin sameyneyso, oo ay ku jiraan qalliinka ilkaha, u sheeg dhakhtarka ama dhakhtarka ilkaha in aad qaadatid ganciclovir.
  • waa inaad ogaataa in ganciclovir laga yaabo inuu kaa dhigo mid lulmo, wareer, deganaansho la'aan, wareer ama feejignaan yar, ama wuxuu kuu keeni karaa suuxdin. Gaari ha wadin ama ha ku shaqeynin mishiin ilaa aad ka ogaato sida daawadani kuu saameyneyso.

Hubso inaad cabto dareereyaal badan inta aad qaadanaysid ganciclovir.

Qaado qiyaasta la seegay isla marka aad xasuusatoba. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii ay ku dhowdahay waqtiga qiyaasta xigta, ka bood qiyaasta la seegay oo sii wad jadwalka daawadaada caadiga ah. Ha qaadan laba-qaadasho si aad uhesho mid kaa dhaafay.

Ganciclovir wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:

  • lallabbo
  • matagid
  • shuban
  • calool istaag
  • calool xanuun
  • belching
  • cunto xumo
  • isbedelka awooda dhadhaminta cuntada
  • afka qalalan
  • nabar afka ka soo baxa
  • riyooyin aan caadi ahayn
  • gariirid
  • niyad jab
  • dhidid
  • dhaqid
  • kalagoysyada ama muruqyada oo xanuuna ama casiraad

Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Calaamadaha soo socdaa waa kuwo aan caadi ahayn, laakiin haddii aad isku aragto midkood, ama kuwa ku taxan qaybta DIGNIIN MUHIIM AH, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga:

  • inaad aragto dhibco, nal dhalaalaya, ama daah madow oo wax walba saaran
  • kaadida oo yaraatay
  • finan
  • finan
  • cuncun
  • barar gacmaha, gacmaha, cagaha, anqawyada, ama lugaha hoose
  • kabuubyo, xanuun, gubasho, ama ruxitaan gacmaha ama cagaha
  • is gacan qaad oo aadan xakamayn karin
  • neefsashada ama wax liqidda oo ku adkaata
  • xabad xanuun
  • isbedelka niyadda
  • qalal

Ganciclovir wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo kale. Wac dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabtid dhibaatooyin aan caadi ahayn intaad qaadanaysid dawadan.

Haddii aad isku aragto waxyeellooyin daran, adiga ama dhakhtarkaaga ayaa warbixin u diri kara Barnaamijka Ka Warbixinta Dhacdooyinka Xun ee Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka (FDA) (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) ama taleefan ( 1-800-332-1088).

Daawadan ku hay weelka ay soo gashay, si adag u xir, iyo meel aysan carruurtu gaarin. Ku keydi heerkulka qolka oo ka fog kuleylka iyo qoyaanka badan (ha ku jirin musqusha).

Daawooyinka aan loo baahnayn waa in lagu tuuraa siyaabo gaar ah si loo hubiyo in xayawaanka, carruurta, iyo dadka kaleba aysan cuni karin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waa inaadan ku daadinin daawadan musqusha hoosteeda. Taabadalkeed, sida ugufiican ee dawada looga takhalusi karaa waa iyada oo loo maro barnaamijka dib u celinta daawada. La hadal farmashiistahaaga ama la xiriir waaxda qashinka / dib u warshadaynta si aad wax uga ogaato barnaamijyada dib-u-celinta ee bulshadaada. Ka eeg bogga internetka ee 'FDA ee Amni-Qaadashada Daawooyinka (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah haddii aadan marin u helin barnaamijka dib-u-celinta.

Waa muhiim inaad ka ilaaliso dhammaan daawooyinka meel aan la arkeynin oo aysan gaari karin carruurta maaddaama weelal badan (sida kuwa toddobaadlaha kiniiniga ka fiirsada iyo kuwa loogu talagalay dhibcaha isha, kareemada, dhejiyeyaasha, iyo kuwa neefta ku siiya) uma adkeysana carruurta, carruurta yaryarna si fudud ayey ku furi karaan. Si aad uga ilaaliso carruurta yaryar sunta, marwalba xiro daboolka badbaadada isla markaana isla markiiba dhig dawada meel aamin ah - mid kor iyo fog kana fog aragooda oo gaadha. http://www.upandaway.org

Xaalada xad dhaafka ah, wac khadka caawinta ka hortagga sunta 1-800-222-1222. Macluumaadka sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa internetka https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Haddii dhibbanuhu burburay, suuxdin qabtay, neefsashadu dhib ku tahay, ama aan la kici karin, isla markiiba wac adeegyada gurmadka ee 911.

Calaamadaha xad dhaafka ah waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

  • lallabbo
  • matagid
  • shuban
  • cunto xumo
  • dhiigbax ama nabar aan caadi ahayn
  • daal fara badan
  • daciifnimo
  • maqaarka cirro leh
  • madax xanuun
  • dawakhaad
  • jahwareer
  • garaaca wadnaha
  • hurdo xumida
  • neefta oo ku qabata
  • cuna xanuun, qandho, dhaxan, qufac, ama calaamadaha kale ee infekshanka
  • kaadida oo yaraatay
  • barar gacmaha, gacmaha, cagaha, anqawyada, ama lugaha hoose
  • qalal
  • hurdi maqaarka ama indhaha
  • astaamaha hargabka oo kale ah
  • xanuun qeybta kore ee midig ee caloosha

Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu dalban karaa baaritaanno indhaha ah oo joogto ah inta aad qaadanaysid dawadan. Ku xafid dhammaan ballamaha takhtarka indhaha (baaritaanka indhaha).

Kahor baaritaanka shaybaarka, u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo shaqaalaha sheybaarka inaad qaadatid ganciclovir.

Ha u ogolaan qof kale inuu qaato daawadaada. Weydii farmashiistahaaga wixii su'aalo ah ee aad ka qabto dib u soo celinta daawada laguu qoray. Ha u oggolaan in sahaydaada ganciclovir dhammaato.

Waxaa muhiim kuu ah inaad haysato liis qoran oo ku saabsan dhammaan daawooyinka laguu qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin (warqad dhakhtar la aan ah) ee aad qaadanaysid, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saar kasta sida fiitamiinnada, macdanta, ama nafaqooyinka kale ee nafaqada leh. Waa inaad soo qaadataa liiskan markasta oo aad booqato dhakhtar ama haddii isbitaal la dhigo. Sidoo kale waa macluumaad muhiim ah inaad lasocoto haddii ay jiraan xaalado deg deg ah.

  • Cytovene® Afka
  • Nordexoyguanosine
  • DHPG Sodium
  • GCV Sodium

Shaygaan sumadda leh kuma sii jiro suuqa. Beddelka guud ayaa la heli karaa.

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