Neefsashada Aadanaha ee Insulin

Qanacsan

• Kahor intaadan isticmaalin neefsashada insulin,
• Dawadani waxay sababi kartaa isbeddel ku dhaca sonkorta dhiiggaaga. Waa inaad ogaataa astaamaha sonkorta dhiiga oo hooseysa iyo kuwa sare iyo waxa la sameeyo haddii aad leedahay astaamahan.
• Neefsashada insulinta waxay sababi kartaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:
• Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamahan ama kuwa ku taxan qaybta DIGNIINTA MUHIIM AH, wac dhakhtarkaaga isla markiiba ama u hesho daaweyn caafimaad oo deg-deg ah:
• Xad-dhaafka nuugista insulinku wuxuu dhici karaa haddii aad qaadatid neefsasho badan ama haddii aad qaadato qaddarka saxda ah ee ku-neefsashada insulinta laakiin cun ama jimicsi ka yar sidii caadiga ahayd. Xaddiga xad-dhaafka ee nuugista insulintu waxay sababi kartaa hypoglycemia. Haddii aad leedahay mid ka mid ah astaamaha hypoglycemia, raac tilmaamaha dhakhtarkaaga ee wixii aad sameyn lahayd haddii aad ku dhacdo hypoglycemia. Calaamadaha kale ee xad dhaafka ah:

Neefsashada insulinta ayaa yareyn karta shaqada sanbabada waxayna sababi kartaa bronchospasms (dhibaatooyinka neefsashada). U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabtid ama aad waligaa qabtid neef ama cudur sambabaha oo joogsada (COPD; koox cudurro ah oo saameeya sambabaha iyo marinnada hawada). Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kuu sheegi doonaa inaadan isticmaalin neefsashada insulinta haddii aad qabtid neef ama COPD. Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu amri doonaa baaritaano gaar ah si loo hubiyo sida wanaagsan ee sanbabadaadu u shaqeynayaan daaweynta ka hor, 6 bilood ka dib bilaabista daaweynta, iyo sanadkiiba inta la isticmaalayo daaweynta neefsashada insulin. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad leedahay mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda: xiiq ama neefsashada oo ku adkaata.

Dhammaan ballamaha la dhig dhakhtarkaaga iyo shaybaarka.

Dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistahaaga ayaa ku siin doona warqada macluumaadka bukaanka soo-saaraha (Hagaha Daawada) markaad bilawdo daaweynta neefsashada insulinta iyo markasta oo aad dib u buuxiso dawadaada. Si taxaddar leh u akhri macluumaadka oo weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha haddii aad wax su'aalo ah qabtid. Waxa kale oo aad booqan kartaa websaydhka soo-saaraha si aad uga hesho Hagaha Daawada.

Takhtarkaaga kala hadal halista isticmaalka neefsashada insulin.

Neefsashada insulin waxaa loo isticmaalaa insulin mudo dheer shaqeyneysa si loogu daaweeyo nooca 1aad ee sonkorowga (xaalad jirku uusan soo saarin insulin sidaas darteedna uusan xakamayn karin qadarka sonkorta dhiiga ku jirta). Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa dawooyin kale si loogu daaweeyo dadka qaba sonkorowga nooca 2 (xaalad ah in jidhku uusan u isticmaalin insulin si caadi ah, sidaa darteedna, ma xakamayn karo qadarka sonkorta dhiiga ku jirta) ee u baahan insulin si loo xakameeyo macaankooda. Neefsashada insulin looma isticmaalo daaweynta ketoacidosis ee sonkorowga (xaalad halis ah oo laga yaabo inay soo ifbaxdo haddii sonkorta dhiigga ee sare aan la daaweyn). Neefsashada insulin waa wax-qabad gaaban, oo ah nooca uu aadanaha sameeyay insulin-ta aadanaha. Neefsashada insulinta waxay ku shaqeysaa iyadoo la badalayo insulin-ta sida caadiga ah jirku soo saaro iyo iyadoo ka caawineysa in sokorta dhiiga looga wareejiyo unugyada kale ee jirka halkaasoo loogu isticmaalo tamar. Waxay kaloo joojisaa beerka inuu soo saaro sonkor badan.

Waqti ka dib, dadka qaba sonkorowga iyo sonkorta dhiigga oo sareeya waxay la kulmi karaan dhibaatooyin halis ah ama naf-gooya, oo ay ku jiraan cudurrada wadnaha, istaroogga, dhibaatooyinka kelyaha, dhaawaca dareemaha, iyo dhibaatooyinka indhaha. Isticmaalka daawooyinka (yada), sameynta isbeddelada hab-nololeedka (tusaale, cuntada, jimicsiga, joojinta sigaar cabbista), iyo in si joogto ah loo hubiyo sonkorta dhiiggaaga ayaa gacan ka geysan karta maareynta sonkorowgaaga iyo hagaajinta caafimaadkaaga. Daaweyntani waxay sidoo kale yareyn kartaa fursadahaaga wadno qabad, istaroog, ama dhibaatooyin kale oo la xiriira sonkorowga sida kalyo-baxa, dhaawaca dareemaha (kabuubyo, lugaha qabow ama cagaha; hoos u dhaca awoodda galmada ee ragga iyo dumarka), dhibaatooyinka indhaha, oo ay ku jiraan isbeddelada ama aragga oo kaa luma, ama cirrid xannuun ah. Dhakhtarkaaga iyo bixiyeyaasha kale ee daryeelka caafimaad ayaa kaala hadli doona sida ugu wanaagsan ee loo maareeyo sonkorowgaaga.

Neefsashada insuliinta waxay u timaadaa sidii budo afka looga neefsado iyadoo la isticmaalayo neefsasho gaar ah. Waxaa badanaa la isticmaalaa bilowga cunto kasta. Si taxaddar leh u raac tilmaamaha ku qoran calaamadaha laguu qoray, oo weydii takhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha inuu kuu sharxo qayb kasta oo aadan fahmin. U isticmaal neefta insulinta sida saxda ah ee lagu faray. Ha u isticmaalin wax ka yar ama ka yar ama u isticmaal si ka badan inta dhakhtarku kuu qoray.

Neefsashada insulinta ayaa xakameysa cudurka macaanka, laakiin ma daaweyso. Sii wad inaad neefsato insulinta xitaa haddii aad caafimaad qabtid. Ha u joojin isticmaalka neefta insulinta adiga oo aan la hadlin dhakhtarkaaga. Ha u wareegin nooc kale oo insulin ah adiga oo aan la hadlin dhakhtarkaaga.

Kahor intaadan isticmaalin dawadaada dawada nuuga insulin-ta markii ugu horeysay, akhri tilmaamaha qoran ee la socda. Si taxaddar leh u fiiri jaantusyada oo hubi inaad garato dhammaan qaybaha neefta. Weydiiso dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha inuu ku tuso sida loo isticmaalo. Ku tababar inaad isticmaasho qalabka neefta inta uu joogo.

Budada lagu nuugo insulinta waxay u timaadaa sida kaydadka hal-isticmaalka ah. Khaanadaha waa in loo isticmaalaa oo keliya qalabka hawada lagu neefsado ee la socda daawada laguu qoray. Ha isku dayin inaad furto kateetarka, ha liqin kartootada, ama ha neefin waxyaabaha ku jira iyada oo aan lahayn qalabka neefta ee dawada kuu keenaya.

Ka dib markii aad geliso kartoon ku jirta dawada neefta, u ilaali heerka neefta afkaaga cad cad dusha sare iyo salka hoose ee salka hoose. Haddii dawada neefta loo soo jeediyo xagga hoose, ama haddii qalabka afka lagu fidiyo hoos loo jiido, la gariiriyo, ama loo rido, waxaad waayi kartaa daawo. Haddii ay taasi dhacdo, waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad ku beddesho kaydadka guntin cusub ka hor intaadan isticmaalin qalabka neefta ku neefsanaya.

Raac tilmaamaha dhakhtarkaaga ee ku saabsan inta tallaal ee neefta insulinta ee ay tahay inaad isticmaasho maalin kasta. Markaad bilowdo adeegsiga neefsashada insulin, dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo inuu saxo qiyaasaha daawooyinkaaga kale ee sonkorowga, sida insulin-ta muddada dheer shaqeyneysa iyo daawooyinka afka laga qaato ee sonkorowga. Dhakhtarkaagu sidoo kale wuxuu ubaahan karaa inuu hagaajiyo qiyaastaada nuugista insulin inta lagu jiro daaweyntaada. Si taxaddar leh u raac tilmaamahaas oo weydii dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad wax su'aalo ah qabtid. Ha beddelin qaddarka dawada insulinta ama daawooyinka kale ee sonkorowga adiga oo aan la hadlin dhakhtarkaaga.

Daawadan waxaa loo qori karaa adeegsiyo kale; Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.

Kahor intaadan isticmaalin neefsashada insulin,

• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistahaaga haddii aad xasaasiyad ku leedahay insulin (Apidra, Humulin, Lantus, Levemir, Novolog, kuwa kale), dawooyin kale oo kasta, ama mid ka mid ah maaddooyinka aan firfircoonayn ee ku jira neefsashada insulinta. Weydii farmashiistahaaga ama ka hubi Hagaha Daawada liiska waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistaha dawooyinka dhakhtarku qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin, fiitamiinnada, nafaqada nafaqada, iyo alaabta dhirta ah ee aad qaadanayso ama aad qorsheyneyso inaad qaadato. Hubso inaad sheegto mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: albuterol (Proair HFA, Proventil, Ventolin, kuwa kale); angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors sida benazepril (Lotensin, in Lotrel), enalapril (Vasotec, Vaseretic), fosinopril, lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril, Prinzide, Zestoretic), quinapril (Accupril, in Quinaretic) ramipril (Altace); angiotensin II antagonists (angiotensin receptor blockers, ARBs) sida azilsartan (Edarbi), candesartan (Atacand, in Atacand HCT), eprosartan (Teveten, in Teveten HCT), irbesartan (Avapro, in Avalide), losartan (Cozaar, in Hyzaar) , olmesartan (Benicar, Azor, Benicar HCT, Tribenzor), telmisartan (Micardis, Micardis HCT, Twynsta), iyo valsartan (Diovan, Diovan HCT, Exforge HCT, kuwa kale); beta blockers sida atenolol (Tenormin, Tenoretic), labetalol (Trandate), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL, in Dutoprol, kuwa kale), nadolol (Corgard, in Corzide), iyo propranolol (Hemangeol, Inderal, Innopran XL); clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS, Kapvay, kuwa kale); clozapine (Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT, Versacloz); danazol; sibibramramide (Norpace, Norpace CR); durayo; fenofibrate (Lipofen, TriCor, Triglide); fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, Selfemra, oo ku taal Symbyax); gemfibrozil (Lopid); Kahortagayaasha 'protease inhibitors' oo ay ka mid yihiin atazanavir (Reyataz), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir (Kaletra), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir, Kaletra, Viekira Pak), iyo saquinavir (Invirase); daaweynta beddelka hoormoonka; isoniazid (Laniazid, Rifamate, Rifater); lithium (Lithobid); daawooyinka neefta, hargabka, cudurada maskaxda, iyo lallabbo; monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, oo ay ku jiraan isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), tranylcypromine (Parnate), iyo selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar); niacin; p-pillerka (kaniiniyada xakameynta dhalmada); daawooyinka afka laga qaato ee sonkorowga sida pioglitazone (Actos, in Actoplus Met, in Duetact, in Oseni) ama rosiglitazone (Avandia, in Avandamet, in Avandaryl); steroids-ka afka laga qaato sida dexamethasone, methylprednisolone (Medrol), iyo prednisone (Rayos); octreotide (Sandostatin); olanzapine (Zyprexa, Zydis, oo ku taal Symbyax); daawooyinka kale ee la neefsado; pentamidine (NebuPent, Pentam); pentoxifylline (Pentoxil); pramlintide (Symlin); propoxyphene; keydka; dawooyinka xanuunka salicylate sida asbiriinta; somatropin (Genotropin, Humatrope, Nutropin, kuwa kale); antibiyootikada sulfa; terbutaline; iyo dawooyinka tayroodhka. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo inuu beddelo qiyaasta daawooyinkaaga ama uu si taxaddar leh kuugu ilaaliyo dhibaatooyinka soo raaca.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad leedahay calaamadaha hypoglycemia (sonkorta dhiigga oo hooseysa). Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu kuu sheego inaadan qaadan neefsashada insulinta haddii aad xaaladan leedahay.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad caabuq leedahay ama haddii aad sigaar cabto ama haddii aad joojiso sigaar cabista 6dii bilood ee la soo dhaafay. Sidoo kale, u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad leedahay ama waligaa aad qabtid kansarka sanbabada, waxyeelada neerfaha ee uu keeno kaadi macaankaaga, wadnaha oo istaaga, ama kalyaha ama cudurka beerka.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad uur leedahay, qorsheyso inaad uur yeelato, ama aad naas nuujiso. Haddii aad uur yeelato intaad isticmaaleyso neefsashada insulin, wac dhakhtarkaaga.
• haddii aad qalliin tahay, oo ay ku jiraan qalliinka ilkaha, u sheeg dhakhtarka ama dhakhtarka ilkaha inaad isticmaalayso neefsashada insulin.
• Weydii dhakhtarkaaga inta jeer ee ay tahay inaad iska hubiso sonkorta dhiiggaaga. La soco in sonkorta dhiigga ee hooseysa ay saameyn ku yeelan karto awoodda aad u leedahay inaad qabato howlo sida wadista oo weydii dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad iska hubiso sonkorta dhiiggaaga ka hor intaadan wadin ama mashiin ku shaqeyn.
• khamrigu wuxuu sababi karaa isbadal ku dhaca sonkorta dhiiga. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga wax ku saabsan isticmaalka nabdoon ee khamriga inta aad isticmaaleyso neefsashada insulinta.
• Weydii dhakhtarkaaga waxa la sameeyo haddii aad xanuunsato, miisaankaagu kordho ama aad lumiso, aad la kulanto culeys aan caadi ahayn, qorsheyso inaad ku kala safarto aagagga waqtiga, ama aad beddesho jimicsigaaga ama jadwalkaaga waxqabad. Isbeddeladani waxay saameyn ku yeelan karaan jadwalkaaga qaadashada iyo xaddiga insulin-ta aad u baahan doonto.

Hubso inaad raacdo dhammaan jimicsiga iyo talooyinka cuntada ee dhakhtarkaagu ama nafaqeeyahaagu kuu qoro. Waa muhiim in la cuno cunto caafimaad leh iyo in la cuno qiyaas isku mid ah oo noocyo cunto ah isku mid ah maalin kasta. Ka-boodidda ama dib-u-dhigista cuntada ama beddelidda qadarka ama nooca cuntada aad cunayso waxay dhibaato ku keeni kartaa xakamaynta sonkorta dhiiggaaga.

Marka ugu horeysa ee aad bilowdo adeegsiga neefsashada insulin, weydii dhakhtarkaaga waxa la sameeyo haddii aad ilowdo inaad neefsatid qadar qaadasho waqtiga saxda ah. Qor jihooyinkaan si aad hadhow ugu tixraaci karto.

Dawadani waxay sababi kartaa isbeddel ku dhaca sonkorta dhiiggaaga. Waa inaad ogaataa astaamaha sonkorta dhiiga oo hooseysa iyo kuwa sare iyo waxa la sameeyo haddii aad leedahay astaamahan.

Neefsashada insulinta waxay sababi kartaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:

• qufac
• cuna xanuun ama cuncun
• daallan
• shuban
• lallabbo
• madax xanuun
• kaadi xanuun leh, gubasho leh
• miisaanka oo kordha

Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamahan ama kuwa ku taxan qaybta DIGNIINTA MUHIIM AH, wac dhakhtarkaaga isla markiiba ama u hesho daaweyn caafimaad oo deg-deg ah:

• finan ama cuncun
• finan
• garaaca wadnaha
• dhidid
• dhib liqidda
• neefta oo ku qabata
• bararka gacmaha, gacmaha, cagaha, anqawyada, ama lugaha hoose
• miisaanka oo kordha
• lulmo xad dhaaf ah
• jahwareer
• dawakhaad

Neefsashada insulinku waxay kordhin kartaa halista aad ugu dhici karto kansarka sanbabada. Takhtarkaaga kala hadal halista isticmaalka neefsashada insulin.

Neefsashada insulinta waxay sababi kartaa waxyeelo kale. Wac dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabtid dhibaatooyin aan caadi ahayn intaad isticmaaleyso daawadan.

Haddii aad isku aragto waxyeellooyin daran, adiga ama dhakhtarkaaga ayaa warbixin u diri kara Barnaamijka Ka Warbixinta Dhacdooyinka Xun ee Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka (FDA) (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) ama taleefan ( 1-800-332-1088).

Daawadan ku hay qaboojiyaha, weelkii uu ku soo galay, si adag u xir, oo ka fog carruurta. Kahor isticmaalka, ka saar kaydadka qaboojiyaha ku keydi heerkulka qolka 10 daqiiqo. Daawada aan fureyn waxaa lagu keydin karaa heerkulka qolka ilaa 10 maalmood. Markaad furto, ku isticmaal khariidadaha khariiddada khariidadaha 3 maalmood gudahood marka lagu kaydiyo heerkulka qolka. Isticmaal dawada neefta illaa 15 maalmood laga bilaabo maalinta ugu horreysa ee isticmaalka, ka dibna iska tuur oo ku beddel dawada cusub. Weligaa ha dhaqin qalabka neefsashada; qallaji.

Daawooyinka aan loo baahnayn waa in lagu tuuraa siyaabo gaar ah si loo hubiyo in xayawaanka, carruurta, iyo dadka kaleba aysan cuni karin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waa inaadan ku daadinin daawadan musqusha hoosteeda. Taabadalkeed, sida ugufiican ee dawada looga takhalusi karaa waa iyada oo loo maro barnaamijka dib u celinta daawada. La hadal farmashiistahaaga ama la xiriir waaxda qashinka / dib u warshadaynta si aad wax uga ogaato barnaamijyada dib-u-celinta ee bulshadaada. Ka eeg bogga internetka ee 'FDA ee Amni-Qaadashada Daawooyinka (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah haddii aadan marin u helin barnaamijka dib-u-celinta.

Waa muhiim inaad ka ilaaliso dhammaan daawooyinka meel aan la arkeynin oo aysan gaari karin carruurta maaddaama weelal badan (sida kuwa toddobaadlaha kiniiniga ka fiirsada iyo kuwa loogu talagalay dhibcaha isha, kareemada, dhejiyeyaasha, iyo kuwa neefta ku siiya) uma adkeysana carruurta, carruurta yaryarna si fudud ayey ku furi karaan. Si aad uga ilaaliso carruurta yaryar sunta, marwalba xiro daboolka badbaadada isla markaana isla markiiba dhig dawada meel aamin ah - mid kor iyo fog kana fog aragooda oo gaadha. http://www.upandaway.org

Xaalada xad dhaafka ah, wac khadka caawinta ka hortagga sunta 1-800-222-1222. Macluumaadka sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa internetka https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Haddii dhibbanuhu burburay, suuxdin qabtay, neefsashadu dhib ku tahay, ama aan la kici karin, isla markiiba wac adeegyada gurmadka ee 911.

Xad-dhaafka nuugista insulinku wuxuu dhici karaa haddii aad qaadatid neefsasho badan ama haddii aad qaadato qaddarka saxda ah ee ku-neefsashada insulinta laakiin cun ama jimicsi ka yar sidii caadiga ahayd. Xaddiga xad-dhaafka ee nuugista insulintu waxay sababi kartaa hypoglycemia. Haddii aad leedahay mid ka mid ah astaamaha hypoglycemia, raac tilmaamaha dhakhtarkaaga ee wixii aad sameyn lahayd haddii aad ku dhacdo hypoglycemia. Calaamadaha kale ee xad dhaafka ah:

• miyir beelid
• qalal

Sonkorta dhiiggaaga iyo hemoglobin glycosylated (HbA1c) waa in si joogto ah loo hubiyaa si loo ogaado jawaabtaada nuugista insulinta. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa waliba kuu sheegi doona sida loo hubiyo jawaabtaada insulin adiga oo gurigaaga ku cabbiraya heerarka sonkorta dhiiggaaga ama kaadidaada. Si taxaddar leh u raac tilmaamahaas.

Ha u ogolaan qof kale inuu isticmaalo daawadaada. Weydii farmashiistahaaga wixii su'aalo ah ee aad ka qabto dib u soo celinta daawada laguu qoray.

Waxaa muhiim kuu ah inaad haysato liis qoran oo ku saabsan dhammaan daawooyinka laguu qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin (warqad dhakhtar la aan ah) ee aad qaadanaysid, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saar kasta sida fiitamiinnada, macdanta, ama nafaqooyinka kale ee nafaqada leh. Waa inaad soo qaadataa liiskan markasta oo aad booqato dhakhtar ama haddii isbitaal la dhigo. Sidoo kale waa macluumaad muhiim ah inaad lasocoto haddii ay jiraan xaalado deg deg ah.

• Afrezza^®