Dhaawaca - kilyaha iyo kaadi mareenka

Dhaawaca ku dhaca kilyaha iyo kaadi mareenka waa dhaawac soo gaara xubnaha kaadi mareenka kore.

Kelyuhu waxay ku yaalliin garbaha labada dhinac ee lafdhabarta. Garabku waa dhabarka dambe ee caloosha. Waxaa lagu ilaaliyaa lafdhabarta, qafiska feeraha hoose, iyo muruqyada adag ee dhabarka. Goobtani waxay kelyaha ka ilaalisaa xoogag badan oo dibedda ah. Kelyaha sidoo kale waxaa ku wareegsan lakab dufan ah. Dufanku wuxuu ka caawiyaa inuu barkin dhigo.

Kelyuhu waxay leeyihiin saad dhiig oo ballaaran. Dhaawac kasta oo iyaga soo gaara, wuxuu u horseedi karaa dhiig bax daran. Lakabyada badan ee suufku waxay caawiyaan ka hortagga dhaawaca kelyaha.

Kelyaha waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku dhaawacmaan waxyeello soo gaadha xididdada dhiigga ee keena ama daadiya, oo ay ka mid yihiin:

• Nafaqada
• Xayiraadda halbowlaha
• Fistula xinjirta
• Xinjirowga xididdada dhiigga (xinjirowga)
• Murugo

Dhaawacyada kilyaha sidoo kale waxaa sababi kara:

• Angiomyolipoma, oo ah buro aan kansar lahayn, haddii ay buradu aad u ballaaran tahay
• Ciladaha iswada
• Xannibaadda kaadi haysta
• Kansarka kilyaha, xubnaha miskaha (ugxan sidaha ama ilmo galeenka dumarka), ama xiidanka
• Sonkorowga
• Kordhinta waxyaabaha wasakhda ah ee jirka sida uric acid (oo ku dhici kara turqo ama daweynta dhuuxa lafta, qanjidhada, ama xanuuno kale)
• Soo-gaadhista walxaha sunta ah sida leedhka, alaabada nadiifinta, dareeraha, shidaalka, dawooyinka antibiyootikada qaarkood, ama isticmaalka muddada-dheer ee dawooyinka xanuunka ee aadka u sarreeya (xanuunka nephropathy)
• Dhiig kar iyo xaalado kale oo caafimaad oo saameeya kilyaha
• Caabuq uu keeno jawaab celinta difaaca jirka ee daawooyinka, infekshinka, ama xanuuno kale
• Nidaamyada caafimaadka sida ka-qaadista kelyaha, ama meelaynta tuubada nephrostomy
• Xannibaadda isgoyska Ureteropelvic
• Xannibaadda kaadi mareenka
• Dhagaxaanta kilyaha

Kaadi mareenka waa tubooyinka kaadida ka qaada kilyaha una keena kaadi haysta. Dhaawacyada kaadi mareenka waxaa sababi kara:

• Dhibaatooyinka ka imanaya hababka caafimaadka
• Cudurada sida retroperitoneal fibrosis, sarcomas retroperitoneal, ama kansar ku faafa qanjirada qanjidhada u dhow kaadi mareenka
• Cudurka dhagxaanta kilyaha
• Shucaac aagga caloosha ah
• Murugo

Calaamadaha degdegga ah waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Calool xanuun iyo barar
• Xanuun daran oo garab ah iyo dhabar xanuun
• Dhiig ku jira kaadida
• Hurdo, feejignaan yaraatay, oo ay ku jiraan miyir beelid
• Kaadida oo yaraata ama kaadi la’aanta
• Qandho
• Kordhinta garaaca wadnaha
• Lalabbo, matagid
• Maqaar cirro leh ama qabow in la taabto
• Dhidid

Calaamadaha muddada-dheer (daba-dheer) waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Nafaqo darrada
• Dhiig kar
• Kelyaha oo hawl gab

Haddii kelyo kaliya ay wax yeeleyso oo kilyaha kale ay caafimaad qabaan, ma yeelan kartid wax calaamado ah.

Bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadka ayaa ku baari doona. U sheeg iyaga oo ku saabsan cudur kasta oo dhowaa ama haddii aad la kulantid walxo sun ah.

Imtixaanku wuxuu muujin karaa:

• Dhiigbax xad-dhaaf ah (dhiig-bax)
• Xanuun daran oo kelyaha saaran
• Naxdin, oo ay ku jiraan garaaca wadnaha oo deg deg ah ama cadaadis dhiig oo dhacaya
• Calaamadaha kalyaha oo shaqeynaya

Tijaabooyinka la qaadi karo waxaa ka mid ah:

• Sawirka CT-ga ee caloosha
• Caloosha MRI
• Ultrasound caloosha
• Angiography of halbowlaha kelyaha ama xididka
• Elektroliska dhiigga
• Tijaabooyinka dhiigga si loo raadiyo walxaha sunta ah
• Tirinta dhiigga oo dhameystiran (CBC)
• Pyelogram-ka xididka xididka (IVP)
• Imtixaanada shaqada kilyaha
• Dib-u-habeynta pyelogram
• Raajada kilyaha
• Sawirka kililka
• Kaadida
• Daraasada Urodynamic
• Faaruqa cystourethrogram

Hadafyadu waa in la daaweeyo astaamaha degdegga ah lagana hortago ama loo daaweeyo dhibaatooyinka. Waxaad u baahan kartaa inaad isbitaal ku sii jirto.

Daaweynta dhaawaca kilyaha waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Nasasho sariir ah 1 illaa 2 toddobaad ama ilaa dhiiggu ka yaraado
• U fiirso dhow iyo daaweynta astaamaha kalyaha hawlgab
• Cuntada ayaa isbadalaysa
• Daawooyinka lagu daaweeyo dhaawaca ay keeneen walxaha sunta ah ama cudurada (tusaale ahaan, daaweynta chelation-ka ee ku sumowga macdanta "lead" ama "allopurinol") si loo yareeyo uric acid-ka dhiiga kujira
• Daawooyinka xanuunka
• Tirtirida daawooyinka ama soo-gaadhista walxaha laga yaabo inay dhaawaceen kilyaha
• Daawooyinka sida corticosteroids ama immunosuppressants haddii dhaawaca uu sababay barar
• Daaweynta cillad-darrada kelyaha ee daran

Mararka qaarkood, qalliin ayaa loo baahan yahay. Tan waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Dayactirka kilyaha jabay ama jeexan, xididdada dhiigga ee jeexan, kaadi mareenka dilaacay, ama dhaawac la mid ah
• Ka qaadida dhamaan kilyaha (nephrectomy), ka faaruqinaya meesha ku wareegsan kilida, ama joojinta dhiigbaxa iyadoo loo marayo kateetarka halbowlaha (angioembolization)
• Dhigista stent
• Ka qaadida xannibaadda ama yareynta xannibaadda

Sida ugu wanaagsan ee aad sameyso waxay kuxirantahay sababta iyo darnaanta dhaawaca.

Mararka qaarkood, kilyaha ayaa sifiican u shaqeeya mar labaad. Mararka qaarkood, hawlgabka kelyaha ayaa dhaca.

Dhibaatooyinka waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Kelyaha oo si kadis ah u hawl gala, mid ama labada kelyoodba
• Dhiigbax (wuxuu noqon karaa mid yar ama daran)
• Kalyo jabka
• Kelyo xanuun joogto ah, mid ama labada kelyood
• Caabuq (peritonitis, sepsis)
• Xanuun
• Xanuunka kiliyaha halbowlaha
• Dhiig kar
• Naxdin
• Caabuqa kaadi mareenka

Wac daryeel caafimaad bixiyahaaga haddii aad leedahay calaamado dhaawac ah kalyaha ama kaadi mareenka. Wac adeeg bixiyaha haddii aad taariikh u leedahay:

• Soo-gaadhista walxaha sunta ah
• Jiro
• Caabuq
• Dhaawac jireed

Aad qolka gargaarka degdegga ah ama wac nambarka degdegga ee deegaanka (sida 911) haddii aad yaraysay soo saaridda kaadida ka dib dhaawaca kelyaha. Tani waxay astaamo u noqon kartaa kelyaha oo shaqeynaya.

Waxaad kaa caawin kartaa kahortaga dhaawaca kalyaha iyo kaadi mareenka adoo qaadaya talaabooyinkan:

• Ka digtoonow walxaha sababi kara sumowga leedhka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah rinjiyeyaasha duugga ah, uumiga ka shaqeeya biraha macdanta `` lead '', iyo aalkolada lagu shubay radiators gawaarida dib loo rogay.
• U qaado dhammaan daawooyinkaaga si habboon, oo ay ku jiraan kuwa aad iibsato adiga oo aan dhakhtar qorin (warqad dhakhtar la'aan ah).
• Daaweynta turqo iyo cuduro kale sida uu ku faray bixiyahaagu.
• Adeegso qalabka nabdoonaanta inta lagu jiro shaqada iyo ciyaarta.
• U isticmaal alaabta nadiifinta, dareeraha, iyo shidaalka sida lagu faray. Hubso in aaggu hawo wanaagsan leeyahay, maxaa yeelay qiiqu sidoo kale wuxuu noqon karaa sun.
• Xidho suumanka baabuurka oo si ammaan ah u kaxeyso.

Dhaawaca kilyaha; Dhaawaca sunta ee kilyaha; Dhaawaca kilyaha; Dhaawaca daran ee kilyaha; Kalyaha jabay; Dhaawaca caabuqa ee kilyaha; Kelyaha nabaro; Dhaawaca kaadi mareenka; Feejignaanta kahor-dhaawaca - dhaawaca; Shaqada dambe ee kelyaha - dhaawaca; Xiridda kilyaha - dhaawac

• Anatomy kilyaha
• Kelyaha - socodka dhiigga iyo kaadida

Noocyada SB, Eswara JR. Dhaawaca kaadi mareenka sare. Gudaha: Partin AW, Dmochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Cudurka Cudurka. 12aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: cutubka 90.

Okusa MD, Portilla D. Pathophysiology ee dhaawaca kelyaha ee daran. Gudaha: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner iyo Raktarka kilyaha. 11aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 28.

Shewakramani SN. Nidaamka Genitourinary. Gudaha: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Daawada Degdega ah ee Rosen: Fikradaha iyo Tababarka Caafimaadka. 9aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: cutubka 40.