Raajada Mammogram

Raajada naasaha waa sawir raajo oo naasaha ku jira. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in laga helo burooyinka naasaha iyo kansarka.

Waxaa lagu weydiin doonaa inaad dharka ka bixisid dhexda ilaa kor. Waxaa lagu siin doonaa goonno aad xirato. Waxay kuxirantahay nooca qalabka la isticmaalay, waad fariisan doontaa ama istaagi doontaa.

Hal naas markiiba ayaa lagu dul dhigaa dhul fidsan oo ay ku jiraan saxanka raajada. Qalab la yiraahdo compressor ayaa si adag loogu cadaadin doonaa naaska. Tani waxay caawineysaa in la simo unugyada naaska.

Sawirada raajada waxaa laga soo qaaday dhowr xaglo. Waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu weydiiyo inaad neefta qabato sida sawir kasta loo qaadayo.

Waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu weydiiyo inaad dib u soo noqotid taariikh dambe si aad u hesho sawirro naas-nuujin ah oo dheeri ah. Tani had iyo jeer macnaheedu maahan inaad qabto kansarka naasaha. Bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu si fudud ugu baahdo inuu dib u hubiyo aag aan si cad loogu arki karin baaritaanka ugu horeeya.

NOOCYADA MAMOGRAFIYADA

Naas-nuujinta dhaqameed waxay isticmaashaa filim, oo la mid ah raajada caadiga ah.

Naas-nuujinta mammografiyuhu waa farsamada ugu badan:

• Hadda waxaa loo isticmaalaa xarumaha baaritaanka naasaha badankood.
• Waxay u oggolaaneysaa sawirka raajada ee naaska in lagu daawado laguna maamulo shaashadda kombiyuutarka.
• Waxay ku sii saxnaan kartaa haweenka da'da yar ee naasaha cufan. Wali lama caddeynin inay gacan ka geysatey yareynta halista haweeney ee ah inay u dhinto kansarka naasaha marka la barbar dhigo mammography-ka filimka.

Naqshadeynta saddex-geesoodka ah (3D) ee loo yaqaan 'mammography' waa nooc ka mid ah mammography-ka dijital ah.

HA u isticmaalin caraf udgoon, cadar, budo, ama boomaato gacmahaaga hoostiisa ama naasahaaga maalinta raajada naasaha. Waxyaabahani waxay qarin karaan qayb ka mid ah sawirrada. Ka qaad dhammaan dahabka qoorta iyo laabta.

U sheeg daryeel bixiyahaaga iyo teknolojiyadda raajada haddii aad uur leedahay ama aad naas nuujinayso, ama haddii lagaa soosaaray naasaha.

Meelaha kombaresarada waxay dareemi karaan qabow. Marka naaska la cadaadiyo, waxaad yeelan kartaa xoogaa xanuun. Tan waxaa loo baahan yahay in la sameeyo si loo helo sawirro tayo wanaagsan leh.

Goorma iyo sida badanaa loo sameeyo baaritaanka raajada mammogram waa xulasho ay tahay inaad sameyso. Kooxo khubaro kala duwan ah ayaan si buuxda isugu raacsanayn waqtiga ugu fiican ee tijaabadan.

Kahor baaritaanka mammogram, kala hadal adeeg bixiyahaaga waxyaabaha ku saabsan faa'iidooyinka iyo qasaaraha uu leeyahay baaritaanka. Weydii wax ku saabsan:

• Khatarta aad ugu jirtid kansarka naasaha
• Haddii baaritaanka uu yareeyo fursadda aad ugu dhiman karto kansarka naasaha
• Haddii uu jiro waxyeello ka timaadda baaritaanka kansarka naasaha, sida waxyeellooyinka ka imanaya baaritaanka ama daweynta kansarka markii la ogaado

Mammography waxaa loo sameeyaa si loogu baaro haweenka si loo ogaado kansarka naasaha goor hore markay u badan tahay in la bogsado. Mammography waxaa guud ahaan lagula talinayaa:

• Haweenka laga bilaabo da'da 40, waxay ku celceliyaan 1 ilaa 2 sano kasta. (Tani kuma talinayso dhammaan ururada khubarada ah.)
• Dhammaan haweenka laga bilaabo da'da 50, waxay ku celceliyaan 1 illaa 2 sano kasta.
• Haweenka qaba hooyo ama walaasheed oo kansarka naasaha ku dhacay markay da 'yaraayeen waa inay tixgeliyaan raajada sanadlaha ah. Waa inay bilaabaan kahor da'da da'da xubinta qoyskooda ugu yar laga helay.

Mammography waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu:

• Raac haweeney qaadatay raajo naaso aan caadi ahayn.
• Qiimee haweeneyda leh calaamadaha cudurka naasaha. Calaamadahaas waxaa ka mid noqon kara buruq, dheecaan ibta ah, xanuun naasaha ah, maqaarka oo ku yaraada naaska, isbeddelada ibta, ama natiijooyin kale.

Unugyada naaska ee aan lahayn wax calaamado ah oo culeys ah ama kala-sooc ayaa loo arkaa inay caadi yihiin.

Badi natiijooyinka aan caadiga ahayn ee baaritaanka mammogram-ka waxay noqdaan kuwo aan fiicneyn (ma ahan kansar) ama wax laga walwalo. Natiijooyinka cusub ama isbeddelada waa in la sii qiimeeyaa.

Dhaqtarka shucaaca (raajada) ayaa ku arki kara noocyada soo socda ee baaritaanka mammogram:

• Muuqaal sifiican loo qeexay, oo joogto ah, oo cad (tani waxay u egtahay inay tahay xaalad aan xanuun aheyn, sida cyst)
• Cuf ama buro
• Meelo cufan oo ku jira naaska oo noqon kara kansarka naasaha ama qarin kara kansarka naasaha
• Kaalshiyamyada 'Calcifications', oo ay sababaan kayd yar oo kaalshiyam ah oo ku jira unugyada naaska (kaararka badankood ma aha calaamadda kansarka)

Mararka qaarkood, tijaabooyinka soo socda ayaa sidoo kale loo baahan yahay si loo sii baaro natiijooyinka raajada naasaha:

• Aragtida raajada naasaha oo dheeri ah, oo ay ku jiraan weyneynta ama aragtida isku soo ururin
• Ultrasound naasaha
• Imtixaanka MRI naaska (oo aan badiyaa la samayn)

Isbarbardhiga mammogram-kaaga hadda iyo raajadaadii hore waxay ka caawineysaa dhakhtarka inuu kuu sheego inaad horey u heshay wax aan caadi ahayn iyo inay is beddeshay.

Marka natiijooyinka mammogram ama ultrasound ay u muuqdaan kuwo laga shakiyo, biopsy ayaa la sameeyaa si loo baaro unugyada loona arko inay kansar tahay. Noocyada biopsies-ka waxaa ka mid ah:

• Dhaqdhaqaaqa jirka
• Ultrasound
• Furan

Heerka shucaacu wuu hooseeyaa oo khatar kasta oo ka timaadda mammography waa mid aad u hooseysa. Haddii aad uur leedahay oo aad u baahan tahay in lagaa baaro cillad aan caadi ahayn, aagga calooshaada ayaa la dabooli doonaa oo laga ilaalin doonaa macdanta "lead".

Mammography-ka baaritaanka joogtada ah lama sameeyo inta lagu jiro uurka ama xilliga naas nuujinta.

Mammography; Kansarka naasaha - mammography; Kansarka naasaha - mammography-ka baaritaanka; Buro naas - mammogram; Tomosynthesis naaska

• Naasaha dumarka
• Buruqyada naasaha
• Waxyaabaha keena burooyinka naasaha
• Qanjirka naasaha
• Dheecaan aan caadi ahayn oo ka soo baxa ibta naaska
• Isbedelka naaska ee Fibrocystic
• Mammography

Websaydhka Bulshada Kansarka ee Maraykanka. Talooyinka Bulshada Kansarka ee Maraykanka ee goor hore lagu ogaado kansarka naasaha. www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/screening-tests-and-early-detection/american-cancer-society-recommendations-for-the-early-detection-of-breast-cancer.html. La cusbooneysiiyay Oktoobar 3, 2019. La helay Janaayo 23, 2020.

Websaytka kulleejka dhakhaatiirta haweenka iyo cudurada haweenka ee loo yaqaan 'ACOG'. ACOG Practice Bulletin: Qiimeynta halista kansarka naasaha iyo baaritaanka dumarka halista ugu badan. www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Practice-Bulletins/Committee-on-Practice-Bulletins-Gynecology/Breast-Cancer-Risk-Assessment-and-Screening-in-Average-Risk-Women. Maya. 179, Luulyo 2017. Waxaa la helay Janaayo 23, 2020.

Websaydhka Machadka Kansarka Qaranka. Baadhitaanka kansarka naasaha (PDQ) - nooca caafimaadka mihnadeed. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. La cusbooneysiiyay Juun 19, 2017. La helay Diseembar 18, 2019.

Siu AL; Xoogagga Adeegyada Ka-hortagga ee Mareykanka. Baadhitaanka kansarka naasaha: Bayaanka talo-bixinta ee Xoogagga Adeegyada Ka-hortagga Mareykanka. Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. PMID: 26757170 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757170.