Baaritaanka Hiddo-wadaha ee Karyotype

Qanacsan

• Waa maxay baaritaanka 'karyotype'?
• Maxaa loo adeegsadaa?
• Maxaan ugu baahanahay baaritaanka karyotype?
• Maxaa dhacaya inta lagu jiro baaritaanka 'karyotype'?
• Ma u baahanahay inaan sameeyo wax walba si aan ugu diyaargaroobo imtixaanka?
• Ma jiraan wax khatar ah oo imtaxaanku leeyahay?
• Maxay natiijooyinka ka dhigan yihiin?
• Ma jiraan wax kale oo aan u baahanahay inaan ka ogaado baaritaanka 'karyotype'?
• Tixraacyo

Waa maxay baaritaanka 'karyotype'?

Tijaabada 'karyotype' ayaa fiirisa cabirka, qaabka, iyo tirada koromosoomyadaada. Chromosomes waa qeybaha unugyadaada oo ay kujiraan hiddo-wadahaaga. Hiddo-wadayaashu waa qaybo ka mid ah hidde-sideyaasha DNA ee laga soo gudbiyay hooyadaa iyo aabbahaa Waxay sitaan macluumaad go'aamiya astaamahaaga gaarka ah, sida dhererka iyo midabka indhaha.

Dadku caadi ahaan waxay leeyihiin 46 koromosoom, oo loo qaybiyay 23 lammaane, qol kasta. Labada koromosoom midkood wuxuu ka yimaadaa hooyadaa, labada kalena waxay ka yimaadaan aabbahaa.

Haddii aad leedahay koromosoomyo ka badan ama ka yar 46, ama haddii ay jiraan wax aan caadi ahayn oo ku saabsan cabbirka ama qaabka koromosoomyadaada, waxay noqon kartaa inaad qabto cudur hidde ah. Tijaabada 'karyotype' waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu caawiyo helitaanka cilladaha hidde-sidaha ee ilmaha soo koraya.

Magacyada kale: baaritaanka hidda-sidaha, baaritaanka koromosoomka, daraasaadka koromosoomka, falanqaynta cytogenetic

Maxaa loo adeegsadaa?

Tijaabada 'karyotype' waxaa loo isticmaali karaa:

• Ka hubi ilmaha aan dhalan cudurada ku dhaca hiddo-wadaha
• Baadhso cudur hidde ah oo ku dhaca ilmaha yar ama ilmaha yar
• Ogow haddii cilladda koromosoomku ay ka hor istaageyso haweeney inay uur yeelato ama ay sababayso dhicin
• Hubi cunug wali dhalan (canug u dhintey dabayaaqadii uurka ama dhalashada) si aad u ogaatid in cillad koromosoom ay sabab u tahay geerida
• Eeg haddii aad qabto cillad hidda-socod oo loo gudbin karo carruurtaada
• Baadhitaan ama samee qorshe daaweyn noocyada qaarkood ee kansarka iyo ciladaha dhiigga

Maxaan ugu baahanahay baaritaanka karyotype?

Haddii aad uur leedahay, waxaad u baahan kartaa in lagaa qaado baaritaanka 'karyotype' ee ilmahaaga aan dhalan haddii aad leedahay arrimo qatar ah oo qaarkood. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• Dadaada. Khatarta guud ee cilladaha dhalashada hiddo-wadaha waa yar tahay, laakiin halisteeda ayaa uga sarreysa dumarka haysta carruurta da'doodu tahay 35 ama ka weyn.
• Taariikhda qoyska. Khatartaadu way sii kordheysaa haddii adiga, lammaanahaaga, iyo / ama mid kale oo carruurtaada ka mid ah uu leeyahay cillad hidde ah.

Ilmahaaga ama ilmahaaga yar ayaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan baaritaan haddii isagu ama iyadu ay leeyihiin astaamo cillad hidde ah. Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo cilladaha hidda-socodka ah, mid kasta oo leh astaamo kala duwan. Adiga iyo daryeel bixiyahaaga caafimaadba waad ka wada hadli kartaan in baaritaanka lagula taliyo iyo in kale.

Haddii aad tahay qof dumar ah, waxaad u baahan kartaa baaritaanka 'karyotype' haddii aad dhibaato kala kulantay inaad uur yeelato ama aad dhowr jeer dhicisay. In kasta oo hal dhicis ahi aysan ahayn wax aan caadi ahayn, haddii aad dhowr jeer yeelatay, waxaa laga yaabaa inay sabab u tahay dhibaatada koromosoomyada.

Waxaad sidoo kale u baahan kartaa baaritaanka 'karyotype' haddii aad leedahay astaamo ama lagaa helay leukemia, lymphoma, ama myeloma, ama nooc ka mid ah dhiig-yaraan. Cilladahaani waxay sababi karaan isbeddelada koromosoomyada. Helitaanka isbeddeladan ayaa ka caawin kara bixiyahaaga inuu ogaado, la socdo, iyo / ama daaweeyo cudurka.

Maxaa dhacaya inta lagu jiro baaritaanka 'karyotype'?

Tijaabada 'karyotype', adeeg bixiyahaagu wuxuu u baahan doonaa inuu tijaabo ka qaado unugyadaada. Siyaabaha ugu caamsan ee tijaabada looga qaado waxaa ka mid ah:

• Baadhitaan dhiig. Tijaabadan, xirfadlaha daryeelka caafimaadka ayaa tijaabo dhiig ka qaadi doona xididka gacantaada, isagoo isticmaalaya cirbad yar. Kaddib cirbada la geliyo, qadar yar oo dhiig ah ayaa lagu ururin doonaa tuubada baaritaanka ama fijaan. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad dareento xoog wax yar ah markii irbadda ay soo galayso ama ay ka baxeyso. Tani badanaa waxay qaadataa in ka yar shan daqiiqo.
• Tijaabada uurka kahor amniocentesis ama sampling chorionic villus (CVS). Chorionic villi waa koriimo yaryar oo laga helo mandheerta.

Amniocentesis:

• Waxaad ku seexan doontaa dhabarkaaga miiska imtixaanka.
• Bixiyahaaga ayaa aaladda ultrasound ku wareejin doona calooshaada. Ultrasound wuxuu adeegsadaa hirarka codka si loo hubiyo booska ilmo-galeenkaaga, mandheerta, iyo ilmahaaga.
• Bixiyahaaga ayaa irbad dhuuban gelin doona calooshaada wuxuuna kala bixi doonaa qadar yar oo ah dheecaanka amniotic.

Amniocentesis waxaa badanaa la sameeyaa inta u dhexeysa usbuuca 15aad ilaa 20aad ee uurka.

Wixii CVS:

• Waxaad ku seexan doontaa dhabarkaaga miiska imtixaanka.
• Bixiyahaaga ayaa aaladda ultrasound ku wareejin doona calooshaada si uu u hubiyo booska ilmo-galeenkaaga, mandheerta, iyo ilmahaaga.
• Bixiyahaagu wuxuu unugyada ka soo qaadi doonaa mandheerta mid ka mid ah laba siyaabood midkood: ama afka minkaaga oo la mariyo tuubo khafiif ah oo loo yaqaan 'catheter', ama cirbad khafiifsan oo caloosha laga marin doono.

CVS badanaa waxaa la sameeyaa inta udhaxeysa usbuuca 10 ilaa 13 ee uurka.

Hiigsiga Lafaha Lafta iyo Biopsy. Haddii lagaa baaro ama lagaa daaweeyo nooc ka mid ah kansarka ama cilladda dhiigga, takhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo inuu tijaabo ka qaado dhuuxa laftaada. Tijaabadan:

• Waxaad u jiifsan doontaa dhinacaaga ama calooshaada, iyadoo ku xiran lafta loo isticmaali doono baaritaanka. Badi baaritaanka dhuuxa lafta waxaa laga qaadaa lafta misigta.
• Goobta waxaa lagu nadiifin doonaa daawada jeermiska dila.
• Waxaad lagugu duri doonaa xal suuxdin ah.
• Marka aaggu kabuubyo, bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadka ayaa tijaabada qaadi doona.
• Himilada dhuuxa lafta, oo badanaa la sameeyo marka hore, daryeel caafimaad bixiyaha ayaa irbad ka galin doona lafta oo soo saari doona dheecaanka dhuuxa lafta iyo unugyada. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad dareento xanuun fiiqan laakiin kooban markii irbadda lagaa gelinayo.
• Cad ka-qaadista laf-dhabarka dhuuxa lafta, bixiyaha daryeelka caafimaad wuxuu u isticmaali doonaa qalab gaar ah oo qalloocinaya lafta si uu u soo qaado shaybaarka unugyada dhuuxa lafta. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad xoogaa culeys ah ka dareento goobta inta tijaabada lagaa qaadayo.

Ma u baahanahay inaan sameeyo wax walba si aan ugu diyaargaroobo imtixaanka?

Uma baahnid wax diyaarin gaar ah oo loogu talagalay baaritaanka karyotype.

Ma jiraan wax khatar ah oo imtaxaanku leeyahay?

Khatar aad u yar baa jirta in dhiig lagaa qaado. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad xanuun yar ama nabar ku yeelato barta irbadda lagu muday, laakiin astaamaha badankood si dhakhso leh ayey u baxaan.

Baadhitaanka 'Amniocentesis' iyo 'CVS' badanaa waa nidaamyo aad u ammaan badan, laakiin waxay leeyihiin khatar yar oo sababi karta dhicin. Kala hadal bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadkaaga halista iyo faa'iidooyinka ay leeyihiin baaritaanadan.

Kaddib hamiga dhuuxa lafta iyo baaritaanka dheecaanka, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ku adkaato ama aad ku xanuunto goobta la duray. Tani badanaa way baaba'daa maalmo yar gudahood. Bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadkaaga ayaa kugula talin kara ama kuu qori kara xanuun joojiye inuu ku caawiyo.

Maxay natiijooyinka ka dhigan yihiin?

Haddii natiijooyinkaagu ahaayeen kuwo aan caadi ahayn (caadi ma ahan,) waxay ka dhigan tahay in adiga ama ilmahaagu aad leedahay wax ka yar ama ka yar 46 koromosoom, ama ay jiraan wax aan caadi ahayn oo ku saabsan cabbirka, qaabka, ama qaab-dhismeedka mid ama in ka badan oo koromosoomyadaada ah. Koromosoomyada aan caadiga ahayn waxay sababi karaan dhibaatooyin caafimaad oo kala duwan. Calaamadaha iyo darnaanta waxay kuxiran yihiin koromosoomyada waxyeellada soo gaadhay.

Cilladaha qaarkood ee keena cilladaha koromosoomyada waxaa ka mid ah:

• Down syndrome, cilad keenta naafonimo xagga maskaxda ah iyo dib u dhac xagga koritaanka ah
• Cilladda Edwards, cilad keenta dhibaatooyin daran wadnaha, sambabaha, iyo kilyaha
• Cilladda Turner, cilad ku dhacda gabdhaha oo saameyn ku yeelata horumarinta astaamaha dumarka

Haddii lagaa baaray sababtoo ah waxaad qabtaa nooc ka mid ah kansarka ama khalkhalka dhiigga, natiijooyinkaaga ayaa tusi kara haddii xaaladdaadu sabab u tahay cillad koromosoom iyo in kale. Natiijooyinkani waxay ka caawin karaan bixiyahaaga daryeelka caafimaadka inuu kuu sameeyo qorshaha daaweynta ugu fiican adiga.

Wax badan ka baro baaritaanka shaybaarka, kala duwanaanshaha tixraaca, iyo fahamka natiijooyinka.

Ma jiraan wax kale oo aan u baahanahay inaan ka ogaado baaritaanka 'karyotype'?

Haddii aad ka fekereyso inaad iska baarto ama aad ku hesho natiijooyin aan caadi ahayn baaritaankaaga karyotype, waxaa laga yaabaa inay ku caawiso inaad la hadasho lataliyaha hidda-socodka.Lataliyaha hidaha ayaa ah xirfadle si gaar ah ugu tababaran hidaha iyo baaritaanka hidaha. Isaga ama iyada ayaa kuu sharxi kara macnaha natiijooyinkaaga, waxay kuu tilmaami karaan adeegyada taageerada, waxayna kaa caawin karaan inaad gaarto go'aanno xog-ogaal ah oo ku saabsan caafimaadkaaga ama caafimaadka ilmahaaga.

Tixraacyo

1. ACOG: Dhakhaatiirta Daryeelka Caafimaadka Haweenka [Internet]. Washington DC: Kuleejka Maraykanka ee Dhakhaatiirta Haweenka iyo Haweenka; c2020. In Ilmo La Dhalo Da 'Da' Kadib 35: Sidee Gabowgu u Saameeyaa Taranka iyo Uurka; [daliishaday 2020 Meey 12]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.acog.org/patient-resources/faqs/pregnancy/having-a-baby-after-age-35-how-aging-affects-fertility-and-pregnancy
2. Bulshada Kansarka Mareykanka [Internet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society Inc.; c2018. Sidee Lagu Ogaadaa Xanuunka Myeloid Leukemia ee Xanuunka Daran ?; [cusbooneysiiyay 2016 Feb 22; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 4 shaashadood]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/chronic-myeloid-leukemia/detection-diagnosis-staging/how-diagnosed.html
3. Bulshada Kansarka Mareykanka [Internet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society Inc.; c2018. Tijaabooyinka Lagu Sameeyo Myeloma Badan; [cusboonaysiiyay 2018 Feb 28; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/multiple-myeloma/detection-diagnosis-staging/testing.html
4. Ururka Uurka Mareykanka [Internet]. Irving (TX): Ururka Uurka Uurka Mareykanka; c2018. Amniocentesis; [cusbooneysiiyay 2016 Sep 2; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: http://americanpregnancy.org/prenatal-testing/amniocentesis
5. Ururka Uurka Mareykanka [Internet]. Irving (TX): Ururka Uurka ee Mareykanka; c2018. Muunadaynta Chorionic Villus: CVS; [cusbooneysiiyay 2016 Sep 2; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: http://americanpregnancy.org/prenatal-testing/chorionic-villus-sampling
6. Xarumaha Xakamaynta iyo Kahortagga Cudurrada [Internetka]. Atlanta: Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Aadanaha ee Mareykanka; La-talinta Hiddaha; [cusbooneysiiyay 2016 Mar 3; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/gtesting/genetic_counseling.htm
7. Tijaabooyinka Shaybaarka ee Internetka [Internetka] Washington DC: Ururka Mareykanka ee Kiimikada Caafimaadka; c2001–2018. Falanqaynta Chromosome (Karyotyping); [cusbooneysiiyay 2018 Jun 22; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/chromosome-analysis-karyotyping
8. Tijaabooyinka Shaybaarka ee Internetka [Internetka] Washington DC: Ururka Mareykanka ee Kiimikada Caafimaadka; c2001–2018. Cilladda Down Syndrome; [cusboonaysiiyay 2018 Feb 28; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://labtestsonline.org/conditions/down-syndrome
9. Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Aasaaska Mayo ee Caafimaadka Caafimaadka iyo Cilmi-baarista; c1998–2018. Cad ka-qaadista lafta iyo himilada: Dulmar guud; 2018 Jan 12 [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 4 shaashadood]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/bone-marrow-biopsy/about/pac-20393117
10. Mayo Clinic [Internet]. Aasaaska Mayo ee Caafimaadka Caafimaadka iyo Cilmi-baarista; c1998–2018. Cudurka dhiigga ee myelogenous leukemia: Ciladda iyo daaweynta; 2016 Meey 26 [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 5 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia/symptoms-causes/syc-20352417
11. Nooca Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; c2018. Imtixaanka Lafta lafta; [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blood-disorders/symptoms-and-diagnosis-of-blood-disorders/bone-marrow-examination
12. Nooca Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; c2018. Dulmarka guud ee Chromosome iyo Gene Disorder; [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/chromosome-and-gene-abnormalities/overview-of-chromosome-and-gene-disorders
13. Nooca Merck Manual Consumer Version [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc.; c2018. Trisomy 18 (Cilmiga 'Edwards Syndrome', 'Trisomy E'); [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/children-s-health-issues/chromosome-and-gene-abnormalities/trisomy-18
14. Machadka Wadnaha, Sambabka, iyo Machadka Dhiiga [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Aadanaha ee Mareykanka; Tijaabooyinka Dhiigga; [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
15. NIH Machadka Cilmi-baarista Cilmiga Aadanaha ee Qaranka [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Aadanaha ee Mareykanka; Cilladaha Chromosome; 2016 Jan 6 [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.genome.gov/11508982
16. NIH Maktabadda Qaranka ee Caafimaadka: Tixraaca Hoyga Guryaha [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Waaxda Caafimaadka iyo Adeegyada Aadanaha ee Mareykanka; Maxay yihiin noocyada baaritaannada hidda-socodka ?; 2018 Jun 19 [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 4 shaashadood]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/testing/uses
17. Jaamacadda Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Jaamacadda Rochester Medical Center; c2018. Encyclopedia Health: Falanqaynta Chromosome; [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=chromosome_analysis
18. Jaamacadda Rochester Medical Center [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Jaamacadda Rochester Medical Center; c2018. Caafimaadka Encyclopedia: Turner Syndrome (Monosomy X) ee Carruurta; [daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=90&contentid=p02421
19. Caafimaadka UW [Internetka]. Madison (WI): Jaamacadda Wisconsin Isbitaalada iyo Maamulka Rugta; c2018. Macluumaadka Caafimaadka: Amniocentesis: Sida Loo Sameeyo; [cusboonaysiiyay 2017 Jun 6; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 5 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/amniocentesis/hw1810.html#hw1839
20. Caafimaadka UW [Internetka]. Madison (WI): Jaamacadda Wisconsin Isbitaalada iyo Maamulka Rugta; c2018. Macluumaadka Caafimaadka: Sampling Chorionic Villus (CVS): Sida Loo Sameeyo; [cusbooneysiiyay 2017 Meey 17; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 5 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/chorionic-villus-sampling/hw4104.html#hw4121
21. Caafimaadka UW [Internetka]. Madison (WI): Jaamacadda Wisconsin Isbitaalada iyo Maamulka Rugta; c2018. Macluumaadka Caafimaadka: Tijaabada Karyotype: Sida Loo Sameeyo; [cusboonaysiiyay 2017 Oct 9; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 5 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/karyotype-test/hw6392.html#hw6410
22. Caafimaadka UW [Internetka]. Madison (WI): Jaamacadda Wisconsin Isbitaalada iyo Maamulka Rugta; c2018. Macluumaadka Caafimaadka: Imtixaanka Karyotype: Guudmarka Imtixaanka; [cusboonaysiiyay 2017 Oct 9; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 2 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/karyotype-test/hw6392.html
23. Caafimaadka UW [Internetka]. Madison (WI): Jaamacadda Wisconsin Isbitaalada iyo Maamulka Rugta; c2018. Macluumaadka Caafimaadka: Tijaabada Karyotype: Maxaa Loo Sameeyay; [cusboonaysiiyay 2017 Oct 9; daliishaday 2018 Jun 22]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/karyotype-test/hw6392.html#hw6402

Macluumaadka ku yaal boggan waa in aan loo isticmaalin beddel daryeel caafimaad oo xirfad leh ama talo. La xiriir bixiye daryeel caafimaad haddii aad su'aalo ka qabtid caafimaadkaaga.