PDL1 (Immunotherapy) Tijaabooyinka

Qanacsan

• Waa maxay baaritaanka PDL1?
• Maxaa loo adeegsadaa?
• Maxaan ugu baahanahay baaritaanka PDL1?
• Maxaa dhacaya inta lagu jiro baaritaanka PDL1?
• Ma u baahanahay inaan sameeyo wax walba si aan ugu diyaargaroobo imtixaanka?
• Ma jiraan wax khatar ah oo imtaxaanku leeyahay?
• Maxay natiijooyinka ka dhigan yihiin?
• Ma jiraan wax kale oo aan u baahanahay inaan ka ogaado baaritaanka PDL1?
• Tixraacyo

Waa maxay baaritaanka PDL1?

Tijaabadani waxay cabireysaa qadarka PDL1 ee unugyada kansarka. PDL1 waa borotiin ka caawiya ka ilaalinta unugyada difaaca jirka inay weeraraan unugyada aan caafimaadka lahayn ee jirka ku jira. Caadi ahaan, habka difaaca jirka wuxuu la dagaallamaa walxaha ajaanibta ah sida fayrasyada iyo bakteeriyada, mana la dagaallamo unugyadaada caafimaadka qaba. Unugyada kansarka qaarkood waxay leeyihiin xaddi badan oo ah PDL1. Tani waxay u oggolaaneysaa unugyada kansarku inay "khiyaaneeyaan" habka difaaca jirka, ayna ka fogaadaan in lagu weeraro shisheeye, maaddooyin waxyeello leh.

Haddii unugyada kansarku leeyihiin tiro aad u badan oo ah PDL1, waxaad ka faa'iideysan kartaa daaweyn loo yaqaan 'immunotherapy'. Immunotherapy waa daaweyn kor u qaadaysa nidaamkaaga difaaca si looga caawiyo inay aqoonsato oo ay la dagaallanto unugyada kansarka. Immunotherapy ayaa la muujiyey inay waxtar badan u leedahay daaweynta noocyada kansarka qaarkood. Waxay sidoo kale u muuqataa inay leedahay waxyeellooyin yar oo ka yar daaweynta kale ee kansarka.

Magacyada kale: barnaamijka loo yaqaan 'death-ligand 1', PD-LI, PDL-1 oo ay soo diyaariyeen immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Maxaa loo adeegsadaa?

Tijaabinta PDL1 waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ogaado haddii aad qabto kansar ka faa'iideysan kara difaaca jirka.

Maxaan ugu baahanahay baaritaanka PDL1?

Waxaad u baahan kartaa baaritaanka PDL1 haddii lagaa helay mid ka mid ah kansarrada soo socda:

• Kansarka sambabka unuga yar
• Melanoma
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Kansarka kaadiheysta
• Kansarka kilyaha
• Kansarka naasaha

Heerarka sare ee PDL1 ayaa badanaa laga helaa kuwan, iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee kansarka. Kansarrada leh heerarka sare ee PDL1 waxaa badanaa lagu daaweyn karaa si wax ku ool ah iyada oo loo adeegsanayo tallaalka difaaca jirka.

Maxaa dhacaya inta lagu jiro baaritaanka PDL1?

Badi baaritaanada PDL1 waxaa lagu sameeyaa hab loo yaqaan biopsy. Waxaa jira saddex nooc oo hababka dheecaanka cad ka soo baxa ah:

• Cad ka-qaadista cirbadda wanaagsan, kaas oo isticmaala cirbad aad u khafiif ah si looga qaado saamiga unugyada ama dareeraha
• Cad ka-qaadista irbadda kaas oo isticmaala irbad ka weyn si looga qaado muunad
• Cad ka-qaadista qalliinka, kaas oo ka qaadaya muunad hawl yar oo bukaan socod socod ah

Himilada cirbadda wanaagsan iyo ka-qaadista cirbadda laf-dhabarka badanaa ku dar talaabooyinka soo socda:

• Waxaad u jiifsan doontaa dhinacaaga ama waxaad ku fariisan doontaa miiska imtixaanka.
• Bixiye daryeel caafimaad ayaa nadiifin doona goobta ka-soo-qaadista lagaa qaadayo oo lagu duray suuxdinta si aanad u dareemin wax xanuun ah inta lagu jiro hawsha.
• Marka aaggu kabuubyo, bixiyaha ayaa galin doona irbad himilo wanaagsan ama irbadda xinjirowga lafdhabarta ah ee goobta baaritaanka lagana qaadayo qayb unug ama dheecaan ah.
• Waxaad dareemi kartaa xoogaa cadaadis ah markii tijaabada lagaa qaadayo.
• Cadaadis ayaa lagu dhejin doonaa goobta cad ka-qaadista illaa dhiiggu joogsanayo.
• Bixiyahaaga ayaa ku dhajin doona faashad aan nadiif aheyn goobta baaritaanka.

Biyobsiga qalliinka, dhakhtar qalliin ayaa maqaarkaaga ka jari doona xoogaa yar si looga saaro dhammaan ama qayb ka mid ah buruqda naaska. Cad ka-qaadista qalliinka waxaa mararka qaarkood la sameeyaa haddii buruqda aan lagu gaari karin ka-qaadista cirbadda. Cad ka-qaadista qalliinka badanaa waxaa ku jira tallaabooyinka soo socda.

• Waxaad ku seexan doontaa miiska qalliinka. IV (xarig xidid ah) ayaa lagaa saari karaa gacantaada ama gacantaada.
• Waxaa laga yaabaa in lagu siiyo daawo, oo loo yaqaan dajin, si ay kaaga caawiso inaad isdejiso.
• Waxaa lagu siin doonaa suuxdinta maxalliga ah ama guud ahaan si aadan u dareemin xanuun inta howshu socoto.
  • Suuxdinta maxalliga ah, bixiye daryeel caafimaad ayaa ku duraya goobta biopsiga daawo si loo kabuubiyo aagga.
  • Suuxdinta guud, takhasusle loo yaqaan takhtarka suuxinta ayaa ku siin doona daawo si aad u miyir beesho inta hawshu socoto.
• Marka aagga cad ka-qaadista la kabuubyo ama aad suuxdo, dhakhtarka qalliinka ayaa xoogaa naasaha ka goyn doona oo ka saari doona qayb ama dhammaan buro. Cadka qaar ku wareegsan buruqda ayaa waliba la soo saari karaa.
• Joogitaanka maqaarkaaga waxaa lagu xiri doonaa tolmo ama xarigyo dhejis ah.

Waxaa jira noocyo kala duwan oo biopsies ah. Nooca biopsiga lagaa qaadayo waxay ku xirnaan doontaa goobta iyo xajmiga burooyinkaaga.

Ma u baahanahay inaan sameeyo wax walba si aan ugu diyaargaroobo imtixaanka?

Uma baahnid wax diyaargarow ah oo gaar ah haddii aad ku suuxinaysid maxalliga ah (kabuubinta goobta qalliinka). Haddii aad qaadanayso suuxdinta guud, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad soonto (ha cunin ama cabin) dhowr saacadood qalliinka ka hor. Dhakhtarkaaga qalliinka ayaa ku siin doona tilmaamo gaar ah oo dheeraad ah. Sidoo kale, haddii aad qaadanayso suuxdin ama suuxdin guud, hubi inaad diyaarsato qof guriga kuugu kaxeeya. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad tahay qof culeys badan oo wareersan ka dib markaad ka soo kacdo hawsha.

Ma jiraan wax khatar ah oo imtaxaanku leeyahay?

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad waxoogaa nabar ama dhiig ah ku yeelatid goobta lagaa qaadayo. Mararka qaarkood goobta ayaa qaadsiisa. Haddii taasi dhacdo, waxaa lagugu daaweyn doonaa antibiyootiko. Cad ka-qaadista qalliinka waxay sababi kartaa xoogaa xanuun iyo raaxo-darro ah. Bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadkaaga ayaa kugula talin kara ama kuu qori kara daawo kaa caawineysa inaad fiicnaato.

Maxay natiijooyinka ka dhigan yihiin?

Haddii natiijooyinkaagu muujiyaan in unugyada burooyinkaagu ay leeyihiin heerar sare oo ah PDL1, waxaa lagaa bilaabi karaa tallaalka difaaca jirka. Haddii natiijooyinkaagu aysan muujin heerarka sare ee PDL1, difaaca jirka ayaa laga yaabaa inuusan waxtar kuu lahayn. Laakiin waxaad ka faa'iideysan kartaa nooc kale oo daaweynta kansarka ah. Haddii aad su'aalo ka qabtid natiijooyinkaaga, la hadal daryeel caafimaad bixiyahaaga.

Wax badan ka baro baaritaanka shaybaarka, kala duwanaanshaha tixraaca, iyo fahamka natiijooyinka.

Ma jiraan wax kale oo aan u baahanahay inaan ka ogaado baaritaanka PDL1?

Immunotherapy-ku uma shaqeeyo qof walba, xitaa haddii aad leedahay burooyin leh heerar sare oo ah PDL1. Unugyada kansarku waa kuwo adag oo inta badan aan la saadaalin karin. Bixiyeyaasha daryeelka caafimaadka iyo cilmi baarayaashu wali waxay wax ka baranayaan habka difaaca jirka iyo sida loo saadaaliyo cidda sida ugu badan uga faa'iideysan doonta daaweyntan.

Tixraacyo

1. Allina Health [Internet]. Minneapolis: Allina Health; c2018. Immunotherapy ee kansarka; [daliishaday 2018 Aug 14]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://wellness.allinahealth.org/library/content/60/903
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3. Bulshada Kansarka Mareykanka [Internet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society Inc.; c2018. Muxuu Yahay Daaweynta Cudurka Kansarka ?; [cusbooneysiiyay 2016 Jun 6; daliishaday 2018 Aug 14]; [ilaa 4 shaashadood]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/targeted-therapy/what-is.html
4. Bulshada Kansarka Mareykanka [Internet]. Atlanta: American Cancer Society Inc.; c2018. Maxaa ku cusub cilmi baarista difaaca jirka ee kansarka ?; [cusboonaysiiyay 2017 Oct 31; daliishaday 2018 Aug 14]; [ilaa 4 shaashadood]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/treatment-types/immunotherapy/whats-new-in-immunotherapy-research.html
5. Kansarka.Net [Internet]. Alexandria (VA): Bulshada Mareykanka ee Clinical Oncology; c2005-–2018. 9 Waxyaabaha laga Baran karo ee ku saabsan Immunotherapy iyo Kansarka Sambabka; 2016 Nofeembar 8 [daliishaday 2018 Aug 14]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.cancer.net/blog/2016-11/9-things-know-about-immunotherapy-and-lung-cancer
6. Machadka Kansarka ee Dana-Farber [Internet]. Boston: Machadka Kansarka ee Dana-Farber; c2018. Waa maxay Tijaabada PDL-1 ?; 2017 Meey 22 [cusbooneysiiyay 2017 Jun 23; daliishaday 2018 Aug 14]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://blog.dana-farber.org/insight/2017/05/what-is-a-pd-l1-test
7. Isku-dhafan Oncology [Internet]. Shirkadda Shaybaarka Mareykanka, c2018. PDL1-1 ee IHC, Opdivo; [daliishaday 2018 Aug 14]; [ilaa 3 shaashad]. Waxaa laga heli karaa: https://www.integratedoncology.com/test-menu/pd-l1-by-ihc-opdivo%C2%AE/cec2cfcc-c365-4e90-8b79-3722568d5700
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Macluumaadka ku yaal boggan waa in aan loo isticmaalin beddel daryeel caafimaad oo xirfad leh ama talo. La xiriir bixiye daryeel caafimaad haddii aad su'aalo ka qabtid caafimaadkaaga.