Xididida halbowlaha isha

Xididdada xididdada aragga ee retinal waa xannibaadda mid ka mid xididdada yaryar ee dhiigga u qaada qaybta dambe ee isha. Qaybta dambe ee isha waa qeyb ka mid ah unugyada gadaashiisa isha oo awood u leh inay dareento iftiin.

Xididdada retinal-ka ayaa xannibi kara marka xinjirowga dhiigga ama dufanka ay ku dhegaan xididdada. Xannibaadahani waxay u badan tahay haddii ay adkaadaan halbowlayaasha (atherosclerosis) ee isha.

Qalloocyadu waxay ka soo safri karaan qaybaha kale ee jirka waxayna xannibi karaan halbowlaha ku yaal isha. Ilaha ugu badan ee xinjirowga waa wadnaha iyo halbowlaha carotid ee qoorta.

Xanibaadaha badankood waxay ku dhacaan dadka qaba xaaladaha sida:

• Cudurka halbowlaha Carotid, kaas oo labada xididdada dhiigga ee waaweyn ee qoorta ku soo yaraada ama xirma
• Sonkorowga
• Dhibaatada laxanka wadnaha (fibrillation atrial)
• Dhibaatada wadnaha
• Heerarka dufanka badan ee dhiigga (hyperlipidemia)
• Dhiig kar
• Ku xadgudubka daroogada
• Cudurka dhiig-baxa ee ku-meel-gaadhka ah (waxyeellada xididdada dhiigga u leh jawaab-celinta difaaca jirka)

Haddii laan ka mid ah xididdada araga xidho, qayb ka mid ah qaybta dambe ee isha ma heli doonto dhiig ku filan iyo oksijiin. Haddii tani dhacdo, waxaad waayi kartaa qayb ka mid ah aragtidaada.

Iskudhuf kadis ah ama aragga oo luma ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ku dhaco:

• Dhammaan hal isha (xididdada xididdada wadnaha ee xiidmaha ama CRAO)
• Qeyb ka mid ah isha (xannibaadda halbowlaha wadnaha ama BRAO)

Xannibaada xididdada araga ee retina waxay socon kartaa oo keliya dhowr ilbiriqsi ama daqiiqado, ama waxay noqon kartaa mid joogto ah.

Xinjirowga dhiigga ee isha ayaa laga yaabaa inay calaamad u tahay digniin xinjirowga meelo kale. Xinjirowga maskaxda ayaa sababi kara istaroog.

Imtixaanada lagu qiimeynayo qaybta dambe ee araga waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Baadhitaanka qaybta dambe ee aragga ka dib markii la ballaariyo ardayga
• Angiography-ka Fluorescein
• Cadaadiska gudaha
• Jawaabta falcelinta ardayda
• Dib u dhigid
• Sawirka isha
• Baarka jeexjeexa
• Tijaabinta aragtida dhinaca (baaritaanka muuqaalka muuqaalka)
• Aragtida aragga

Imtixaanada guud waa inay ku jiraan:

• Dhiig kar
• Tijaabooyinka dhiigga, oo ay ku jiraan heerarka kolestaroolka iyo triglyceride iyo heerka qanjirka 'erythrocyte sedimentation'
• Baaritaanka jirka

Tijaabooyinka lagu ogaanayo isha xinjir ka timaadda qayb kale oo jirka ah:

• Echocardiogram
• Qalabka korantada
• Kormeerka wadnaha ee garaaca wadnaha aan caadiga ahayn
• Duplex Doppler ultrasound ee halbowlayaasha carotid

Ma jiro daaweyn la xaqiijiyay oo loogu talagalay araga luminta oo ku lug leh isha oo dhan, illaa ay u sababto cudur kale oo la daaweyn karo mooyee.

Dhowr daaweyn ayaa la isku dayi karaa. Si waxtar leh, daaweyntan waa in lagu bixiyaa 2 illaa 4 saacadood gudahood ka dib markay astaamuhu bilowdaan. Si kastaba ha noqotee, faa'iidooyinka daaweyntan weligood lama caddayn, waana dhif in la isticmaalo.

• Ku neefsashada (neefsiga) isku darka kaarboon dioxide-oksijiin. Daaweyntani waxay keentaa xididdada araga ee araga inay ballaadhaan (weynaadaan).
• Duugista isha.
• Ka saarida dareeraha isha gudaheeda. Dhakhtarku wuxuu isticmaalaa cirbad si uu uga nadiifiyo qadar yar oo dheecaan ah isha hore. Tani waxay keentaa hoos u dhac degdeg ah oo ku yimaada cadaadiska indhaha, taas oo mararka qaarkood sababi karta xinjirowga inuu u wareego halbowle yar oo laan ah halkaas oo uu dhaawac yar ka geysan doono.
• Dawada xinjirowga-busting, unugyada firfircoonaanta plasminogen (tPA).

Bixiyaha xanaanada caafimaadka waa inuu raadsado sababta xannibaadda. Xannibaadaha ayaa noqon kara calaamado dhibaato caafimaad oo nafta halis gelisa.

Dadka qaba xididdada xididdada araga araga ayaan dib u heli karin aragtidooda.

Dhibaatooyinka waxaa ka mid noqon kara:

• Gulukooma (CRAO kaliya)
• Aragtida qayb ahaan ama dhammays tiran isha isha ku haysa
• Stroke (sababo la mid ah oo ka qayb qaata xididdada xididdada wadnaha), sababtuna tahay isku xirnaanta lafteeda)

Wac adeeg bixiyahaaga haddii aad isku aragto cillad la'aan ama aragga oo kaa lumiya.

Tallaabooyinka loo adeegsado in looga hortago cudurrada kale ee xididdada dhiigga (xididdada dhiigga), sida cudurka halbowlayaasha wadnaha, ayaa yareyn kara halista ka-go'idda xididdada isha. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah:

• Cunista cunto dufanku ku yar yahay
• Jimicsi
• Joojinta sigaarka
• Miisaan dhaca haddii aad miisaan culus tahay

Mararka qaarkood, dhiig khafiifiyeyaasha ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in looga hortago halbowlaha inuu markale xirmo. Aspirin ama dawooyinka kale ee xinjirowga xinjirowga ayaa la isticmaalaa haddii dhibaatadu ku jirto halbowlayaasha carotid. Warfarin ama dhiig yare khafiifiyayaal kale ayaa loo isticmaalaa haddii dhibaatadu ku jirto wadnaha.

Xannibaadda xididdada wadnaha CRAO; Xannibaadda xididdada wadnaha BRAO; Aragga oo yaraada - xididdada xididdada aragga; Aragga cilladda - xididdada halbowlayaasha araga

• Isha

Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Cudurada nidaamka muuqaalka. Gudaha: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 26aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: baab 395.

Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Grant TR.Indhaha. Gudaha: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Buugga Caafimaadka Qoyska. 9aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: cutubka 17.

Duker JS, Duker JS. Xannibaadda xididdada dhiigga ee jirka. Gudaha: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Indhaha. 5aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: cutubka 6.19.

Patel PS, Sadda SR. Xididida halbowlaha isha Gudaha: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. Ryan's Retina. 6aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: cutubka 54.

Salmon JF. Cudurka xididdada dhiigga ee isha ku dhaca. Gudaha: Salmon JF, ed. Kanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology. 9aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 13.