Hammi

Himilada waxaa loola jeedaa soo jiidashada ama dibedda iyadoo la isticmaalayo nuugis dhaqaaq ah. Waxay leedahay laba macne:

• Ku neefsashada shay qalaad (cuntada oo nuugta marinka hawada).
• Nidaam caafimaad oo wax ka soo saaraa meel jirka ka mid ah. Waxyaabahani waxay noqon karaan hawo, dheecaanno jidhka ah, ama jajabno lafaha. Tusaale ayaa ah ka saarida dheecaanka ascites aagga caloosha.

Ujeeddada habraaca caafimaad ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa in lagu soo qaado shaybaarka unugyada si looga qaado biopsy. Tan waxaa mararka qaarkood loogu yeeraa cirbayn cirbadeed ama asbiriin. Tusaale ahaan, hamiga nabar nabar.

• Hammi

Davidson NE. Kansarka naasaha iyo cilladaha naasaha ee aan fiicnayn. Gudaha: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 26aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 188.

Martin P. U dhowaanshaha bukaanka qaba cudurka beerka. Gudaha: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 26aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 137.

O'Donnell AE. Bronchiectasis, atelectasis, finanka, iyo xanuunada sambabaha ee deegaanka. Gudaha: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 26aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: cutubka 84.

Shuman EA, Pletcher SD, Eisele DW. Hammi daba-dheer. Gudaha: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Qalliinka Madaxa iyo Qoorta. 7aad ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: cutubka 65.