Hemoglobin electrophoresis
Hemoglobin waa borotiin ku qaada oksijiinta dhiiga. Hemoglobin electrophoresis wuxuu cabiraa heerarka noocyada kaladuwan ee borotiinkan dhiiga kujira.
Sambal dhiig ayaa loo baahan yahay.
Shaybaarka, farsamayaqaanku wuxuu tijaabada dhiigga saaraa warqad gaar ah wuxuuna mariyaa koronto koronto. Hemoglobins-ka ayaa ku dul dhaqaaqaya warqadda waxayna sameysmayaan kooxo bandhigaya xaddiga nooc kasta oo haemoglobin ah.
Diyaargarow gaar ah looma baahna imtixaankan.
Marka irbadda la geliyo si dhiig loo qaado, dadka qaar waxay dareemaan xanuun dhexdhexaad ah. Kuwa kale waxay dareemaan oo keliya dharbaaxo ama dareemid xanuun. Intaas ka dib, waxaa laga yaabaa inay xoogaa wax garaacaan ama nabar yar. Tani dhawaan way tagi doontaa.
Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad baaritaankaan sameyso haddii takhtarkaaga caafimaad uu ka shakiyo inaad qabtid cilad ay keeneen noocyo aan caadi ahayn oo ah haemoglobin (hemoglobinopathy).
Noocyo badan oo kala duwan oo ah haemoglobin (Hb) ayaa jira. Kuwa ugu caansan waa HbA, HbA2, HbE, HbF, HbS, HbC, HbH, iyo HbM. Dadka qaangaarka ah ee caafimaadka qaba waxay leeyihiin heerar muhiim ah oo keliya HbA iyo HbA2.
Dadka qaarkiis sidoo kale waxay yeelan karaan qaddar yar oo ah HbF. Tani waa nooca ugu weyn ee haemoglobin ee jirka ilmaha aan dhalan. Cudurrada qaarkood waxay la xiriiraan heerarka HbF ee sarreeya (marka HbF uu ka badan yahay 2% wadarta guud ee haemoglobin).
HbS waa qaab aan caadi ahayn oo ah haemoglobin la xiriirta sickle cell anemia. Dadka qaba xaaladan, unugyada dhiigga cas cas mararka qaarkood waxay leeyihiin qaab bilaha ama nooca sickle. Unugyadan ayaa si fudud u burbura ama xannibi kara xididdada dhiigga ee yaryar.
HbC waa qaab aan caadi ahayn oo haemoglobin ah oo lala xiriiriyo dhiig-yare hemolytic. Calaamadaha ayaa aad uga fudud marka loo eego kuwa ku jira sickle cell anemia.
Mid kale, aan caadi ahayn, oo aan caadi ahayn Hb molecules ayaa sababa noocyo kale oo dhiig yaraan ah.
Dadka qaangaarka ah, kuwani waa boqolleyda caadiga ah ee maaddooyinka haemoglobin ee kala duwan:
- HbA: 95% ilaa 98% (0.95 ilaa 0.98)
- HbA2: 2% ilaa 3% (0.02 ilaa 0.03)
- HbE: Maqan
- HbF: 0.8% ilaa 2% (0.008 ilaa 0.02)
- HbS: Maqan
- HbC: Maqan
Dhallaanka iyo carruurta, kuwani waa boqolkiiba caadiga ah ee maaddooyinka HbF:
- HbF (dhalashada cusub): 50% ilaa 80% (0.5 ilaa 0.8)
- HbF (6 bilood): 8%
- HbF (in ka badan 6 bilood): 1% ilaa 2%
Heerarka qiimaha caadiga ahi way ku kala duwanaan karaan shaybaarada kala duwan. Shaybaarada qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan cabbiro kala duwan ama waxay tijaabin karaan shaybaarro kala duwan. Kala hadal adeeg bixiyahaaga macnaha natiijooyinka baaritaankaaga gaarka ah.
Heerarka muhiimka ah ee haemoglobins aan caadi ahayn ayaa tilmaami kara:
- Cudurka Hemoglobin C
- Dhiig-hemoglobinopathy
- Sickle cell dhiig yaraan
- Cilladaha dhiiga ee la iska dhaxlo oo jirku sameeyo qaab aan caadi ahayn oo ah haemoglobin (thalassaemia)
Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad yeelato natiijooyin been ah oo caadi ah ama aan caadi ahayn haddii aad dhiig ku shubtay 12 toddobaad gudahood laga bilaabo baaritaankaan.
Khatar aad u yar ayaa ku jirta in dhiigga lagaa qaado. Xididdada iyo halbowlayaasha waxay ku kala duwan yihiin cabirka qof ilaa qof kale iyo dhinac jirka ah ilaa dhinac kale. Qaadashada dhiigga dadka qaar way ka dhib badnaan kartaa kuwa kale.
Khataraha kale ee la xiriira dhiig qaadashada way yar yihiin laakiin waxaa ka mid noqon kara:
- Dhiigbax xad dhaaf ah
- Miyir beelid ama dareemid madax-wareer
- Hematoma (dhiigbax maqaarka hoostiisa)
- Infekshan (halis yar mar kasta oo maqaarku jabo)
Hb electrophoresis; Hgb electrophoresis; Electrophoresis - haemoglobin; Thallasemia - electrophoresis; Unugga jirrada - electrophoresis; Hemoglobinopathy - electrophoresis
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Elghetany MT, Schexneider KI, Banki K. Cudurka Erythrocytic. Gudaha: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis iyo Maareynta Hababka Shaybaarka. 23aad ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: cutubka 32.
Waxaa loola jeedaa RT. Kusoo dhowaanshaha dhiig-yaraan. Gudaha: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Daawada Goldman-Cecil. 26aad. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: baab 149.