Phenytoin

Qanacsan

• Kahor qaadashada phenytoin,
• Phenytoin wuxuu sababi karaa koror ku yimaada sonkorta dhiigaaga. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga calaamadaha sonkorta dhiigga oo sarreeya iyo waxa la sameeyo haddii aad calaamadahaas isku aragto.
• Phenytoin wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:
• Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda ama kuwa ku taxan qaybta taxaddarrada qaaska ah, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga :.
• Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda, jooji qaadashada phenytoin una wac dhakhtarkaaga:
• Calaamadaha xad-dhaafka ah waxaa ka mid noqon kara kuwa soo socda:

Phenytoin waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo noocyada suuxdinta qaarkood, iyo in lagu daaweeyo lagana hortago qalalka oo bilaaban kara inta lagu jiro ama kadib qalliinka maskaxda ama nidaamka neerfaha. Phenytoin wuxuu ku jiraa fasal dawooyin ah oo loo yaqaan 'anticonvulsants'. Waxay ku shaqeysaa iyadoo hoos loo dhigo dhaqdhaqaaqa korantada ee aan caadiga ahayn ee maskaxda.

Phenytoin wuxuu u yimaadaa sidii kaabsal-sii-deyn dheer-sii-deyn ah, kiniin la calaliyo, iyo ganaax (dareere) ah oo afka laga qaato. Kiniinka la calaliyo iyo ka joojinta waxaa badanaa la qaataa laba ama saddex jeer maalintii. Kaabsoosha-sii-fidinta badanaa waxaa la qaadaa hal ilaa afar jeer maalintii. Qaado phenytoin qiyaastii isla waqtigaas (maalin kasta). Si taxaddar leh u raac tilmaamaha ku qoran calaamadaha laguu qoray, oo weydii takhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha inuu kuu sharxo qayb kasta oo aadan fahmin. Qaado phenytoin sida saxda ah ee lagu faray. Ha ka qaadin wax ka yar ama ka yar ama u qaado si ka badan inta dhakhtarku kuu qoray.

Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kugu bilaabi doonaa qadar yar oo ah phenytoin wuxuuna si tartiib tartiib ah u kordhin doonaa qiyaastaada, oo aan ka badnaan hal jeer 7 ilaa 10 maalmood.

Waxyaabaha kala duwan ee loo yaqaan 'phenytoin' ayaa jidhku u nuugaa siyaabo kala duwan loomana beddeli karo midba midka kale. Haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad ka beddesho hal shey oo loo yaqaan 'phenytoin' una beddelo mid kale, dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo inuu wax ka beddelo qiyaastaada. Waqti kasta oo aad hesho daawadaada, hubi inaad heshay wax soo saarka fenytoin ee adiga laguu qoray. Weydii farmasiilahaaga haddii aadan hubin inaad heshay daawada saxda ah.

Dareeraha si fiican u rux kahor intaan la isticmaalin si aad ugu qaso daawada si siman. Isticmaal aalad cabbir sax ah si aad u hubiso inaad heshay tirada saxda ah ee daawada. Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha haddii aad wax su'aalo ah ka qabtid sida loo qiyaaso qiyaastaada.

Wada liq kaabsoolaha sii-dheereeya oo dhan; ha kala qaybin, calalin, ama burburin. Ha u qaadin kaabsullo midabkoodu kala duwan yahay.

Waad si fiican u calali kartaa kiniinka la calaliyo kahor intaadan liqin, ama waad liqi kartaa dhammaantood adigoon calalin.

Haddii aad ku heleyso caanobooraha ama dheeri ah tubada quudinta, kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga goorta ay tahay inaad qaadato phenytoin. Waxaad ubaahan doontaa inaad waqti siiso inta udhaxeysa helitaanka quudintaada iyo qaadashada phenytoin.

Phenytoin ayaa laga yaabaa inuu kaa caawiyo xakameynta xaaladaada laakiin ma daaweyn doono. Sii wad inaad qaadato phenytoin xitaa haddii aad dareento fiicnaan. Ha u joojin qaadashada phenytoin adigoon la hadlin dhakhtarkaaga, xitaa haddii aad la kulanto waxyeellooyin sida isbeddellada aan caadiga ahayn ee dabeecadda ama niyadda. Haddii aad si lama filaan ah u joojiso qaadashada phenytoin, suuxdintaadu way ka sii dari kartaa. Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu si tartiib tartiib ah u yareeyo qiyaastaada.

Phenytoin sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga khataraha aad u leedahay isticmaalka dawadan xaaladaada.

Daawadan waxaa loo qori karaa adeegsiyo kale; Weydii dhakhtarkaaga ama farmashiistaha wixii macluumaad dheeraad ah.

Kahor qaadashada phenytoin,

• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmasiilahaaga haddii aad xasaasiyad ku leedahay phenytoin, daawooyinka kale ee hydantoin sida ethotoin (Peganone) ama fosphenytoin (Cerebyx), daawooyin kale oo kasta, ama wax ka mid ah maaddooyinka ku jira phenytoin. Weydii farmashiistahaaga liiska waxyaabaha ay ka kooban yihiin.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qaadanaysid delavirdine (Rescriptor). Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kuu sheegi doonaa inaadan qaadan phenytoin haddii aad qaadanaysid dawadan.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo farmashiistaha dawooyinka dhakhtarku qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin, fiitamiinnada, nafaqada nafaqada, iyo alaabta dhirta ah ee aad qaadanayso ama aad qorsheyneyso inaad qaadato. Hubso inaad sheegto mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda: albendazole (Albenza); amiodarone (Nexterone, Pacerone); daawooyinka xinjirowga lidka ku ah ('khafiifiyeyaasha dhiigga') sida warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven); daawooyinka fangaska sida fluconazole (Diflucan), ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox, Tolsura), miconazole (Oravig), posaconazole (Noxafil), iyo voriconazole (Vfend); fayrasyada qaarkood sida efavirenz (Sustiva, Atripla), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir (Kaletra), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir, Kaletra), iyo saquinavir (Invirase); bleomycin; capecitabine (Xeloda); karboplatin; chloramphenicol; chlordiazepoxide (Librium, oo ku taal Librax); daawooyinka kolestaroolka sida atorvastatin (Lipitor, in Caduet), fluvastatin (Lescol), iyo simvastatin (Zocor, in Vytorin); cisplatin; clozapine (Fazaclo, Versacloz); cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune); diazepam (Valium); diazoxide (Proglycem); digoxin (Lanoxin); sibibramramide (Norpace); disulfiram (Antabuse); doxorubicin (Doxil); doxycycline (Acticlate, Doryx, Monodox, Oracea, Vibramycin); fluorouracil; fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, oo ku taal Symbyax, kuwa kale); fluvoxamine (Luvox); folic acid; fosamprenavir (Lexiva); furosemide (Lasix); H₂ kuwa ka soo horjeedaa sida cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine (Axid), iyo ranitidine (Zantac); ka hortagga uurka ee hormoonka (kaniiniyada ka hortagga uurka, dhejisyo, giraan, ama irbado); daaweynta beddelka hormoonka (HRT); irinotecan (Camptosar); isoniazid (Laniazid, Rifamate, Rifater); daawooyinka cudurada maskaxda iyo lallabbada; daawooyinka kale ee suuxdinta sida carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol, kuwa kale), ethosuximide (Zarontin), felbamate (Felbatol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), methsuximide (Celontin), oxcarbazepine (Trilepta, Oxtellar XR, phen) ), iyo valproic acid (Depakene); methadone (Dolophine, Methadose); methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo, Trexall, Xatmep); methylphenidate (Daytrana, Concerta, Metadate, Ritalin); mexiletine; nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), nimodipine (Nymalize), nisoldipine (Sular); omeprazole (Prilosec); steroids-ka afka laga qaato sida dexamethasone, methylprednisolone (Medrol), prednisolone, iyo prednisone (Rayos); paclitaxel (Abraxane, Taxol); paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva); praziquantel (Biltricide); quetiapine (Seroquel); quinidine (oo ku taal Nuedexta); keydka; rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, gudaha Rifamate, Rifater); salicylate xanuun joojiyeyaasha sida asbiriin, choline magnesium trisalicylate, choline salicylate, diflunisal, magnesium salicylate (Doan’s, kuwa kale), iyo salsalate; sertraline (Zoloft); sucralfate (Carafate); antibiyootikada sulfa; teniposide; theophylline (Elixophyllin, Theo-24, Theochron); ticlopidine; tolbutamide; trazodone; verapamil (Calan, Verelan, oo ku taal Tarka); vigabatrin (Sabril); iyo fitamiin D. Dhaqtarkaaga waxaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo inuu badalo qiyaasta daawooyinkaaga ama uu si taxaddar leh kuugu ilaaliyo dhibaatooyinka soo raaca.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qaadanaysid dawada ka hortagga jirka ee ka kooban kaalshiyam, magnesium, ama aluminium (Maalox, Mylanta, Tums, kuwa kale). Dhakhtarkaaga ayaa laga yaabaa inuu kuu sheego inaad u ogolaato wakhti aad ku dhaafto inta u dhaxeysa qaadashada antacid iyo qaadashada phenytoin.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga waxa ka soo baxa dhirta aad qaadanaysid, gaar ahaan johannesört wort.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad waligaa isku aragtay dhibaato beerka ah inta aad qaadaneysid phenytoin. Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu kuu sheegi doonaa inaadan mar dambe qaadan phenytoin.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad cabto ama aad waligaa cabto qamri aad u tiro badan. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad soo martay tijaabo shaybaar oo kuu soo gudbisay inaad leedahay cunsur khatar ah oo dhaxalsiisa taas oo ka dhigaysa inay u badan tahay inaad ku yeelato falcelin maqaarka daran fenytoin. Sidoo kale, u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabto ama aad waligaa qabto sonkorow; porphyria (waa xaalad ay walxaha dabiiciga ah qaarkood ku soo baxaan jirka waxayna sababi karaan calool xanuun, isbeddel ku yimaada fikirka ama dhaqanka, ama calaamado kale); osteopenia, osteomalacia, ama osteoporosis (xaaladaha ay lafuhu jilicsan yihiin ama jajaban yihiin oo si fudud u jabi karaan); heerarka hoose ee albumin ee dhiiggaaga; ama wadne, kilyo ama beer xanuun.
• u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad uur leedahay, qorsheyso inaad uur yeelato, ama aad naas nuujiso. Waa inaadan uur yeelan inta aad qaadanaysid phenytoin. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga hababka xakameynta dhalmada ee wax ku oolka ah ee aad isticmaali karto inta lagu jiro daaweyntaada. Haddii aad uur yeelato intaad qaadanaysid phenytoin, wac dhakhtarkaaga. Phenytoin wuxuu waxyeelleyn karaa uurjiifka.
• haddii aad qalliin sameyneyso, oo ay ku jiraan qalliinka ilkaha, u sheeg dhakhtarka ama dhakhtarka ilkaha inaad qaadanayso fenytoin.
• waa inaad ogaataa in daawadani ay sababi karto dawakhaad, lulmo, iyo dhibaatooyin isku xirnaanta. Gaari ha wadin ama ha ku shaqeynin mishiin ilaa aad ka ogaato sida daawadani kuu saameyneyso.
• kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga wixii ku saabsan isticmaalka aaminka ah ee khamriga inta aad qaadanaysid dawadan.
• waa inaad ogaataa in caafimaadkaaga maskaxda laga yaabo inuu isku badalo qaabab lama filaan ah waxaadna noqon kartaa isdilid (inaad ka fikirto inaad wax yeelo ama aad is disho ama aad qorsheysato ama aad isku daydo inaad sidaas sameyso) inta aad qaadaneyso fenyyoin Tiro yar oo qaangaar ah iyo carruur 5 sano jir ah iyo wixii ka weyn (qiyaastii 1 in 500 qof) oo qaatay daawada lidka ku ah sida phenytoin si loogu daweeyo xaalado kala duwan inta lagu gudajiray daraasadaha bukaan socodka waxay noqdeen ismiidaamin inta lagu gudajiray daaweynta. Qaar ka mid ah dadkani waxay sameeyeen fikrado is-dil ah iyo dabeecad ugu horreyn hal toddobaad ka dib markay bilaabeen qaadashada daawada. Waxaa jirta halista ah inaad la kulanto isbeddelo caafimaadkaaga maskaxda ah haddii aad qaadato daawada xinjirowga lidka ku ah sida phenytoin, laakiin waxaa sidoo kale jiri kara halista ah inaad la kulanto isbeddello ku dhaca caafimaadkaaga maskaxda haddii aan xaaladdaada wax laga qaban. Adiga iyo dhakhtarkaaga ayaa go'aansan doona haddii halista qaadashada daawada xinjirowga lidka ku ah ay ka weyn tahay halista qaadashada daawada. Adiga, qoyskaaga, ama daryeel bixiyahaagu waa inaad wacdaa dhakhtarkaaga isla markiiba haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda: weerarada argagaxa; kacsan ama degganaansho la’aan; xanaaq, walaac, ama niyad jab cusub ama ka sii daraya; ku-dhaqmidda dardaaranka khatarta ah; dhib ku ah inuu dhaco ama seexdo; dabeecad dagaal, xanaaq, ama rabshad; mania (frenzied, xaalad aan caadi ahayn oo ku faraxsan); ka hadalka ama ka fikirka inaad rabto inaad naftaada dhaawacdo ama noloshaada aad joojiso; ka noqoshada asxaabta iyo qoyska; mashquulka dhimashada iyo dhimashada; bixinta alaab qaali ah; ama wixii isbeddel ah ee aan caadi ahayn ee dabeecadda ama niyadda. Hubso in qoyskaaga ama xannaaneeyahaagu ogyahay astaamaha halista ah si ay ugu yeeraan dhakhtarka haddii aadan awoodin inaad keligaa daaweyn raadsato.
• kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga habka ugu wanaagsan ee loo daryeelo ilkahaaga, ciridkaaga, iyo afkaaga inta lagu guda jiro daaweyntaada loo yaqaan 'phenytoin'. Aad ayey muhiim u tahay inaad si habboon u daryeesho afkaaga si aad u yarayso halista cirridka ee ay keento phenytoin.

Ilaa dhakhtarkaagu kuu sheego mooyee, sii wad cuntadaada caadiga ah.

Qaado qiyaasta la seegay isla marka aad xasuusatoba. Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii ay ku dhowdahay waqtiga qiyaasta xigta, ka bood qiyaasta la seegay oo sii wad jadwalka daawadaada caadiga ah. Ha qaadan laba-qaadasho si aad uhesho mid kaa dhaafay.

Phenytoin wuxuu sababi karaa koror ku yimaada sonkorta dhiigaaga. Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga calaamadaha sonkorta dhiigga oo sarreeya iyo waxa la sameeyo haddii aad calaamadahaas isku aragto.

Phenytoin wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo. U sheeg dhakhtarkaaga haddii mid ka mid ah astaamahani ay daran yihiin ama aanad tagin:

• dhibaato xagga hurdada ama hurdada ah
• dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha oo aan la xakamayn karin
• dhaqdhaqaaqa jirka oo aan caadi ahayn
• luminta isuduwidda
• jahwareer
• hadal xanaf leh
• madax xanuun
• isbeddelo dareenkaaga dhadhanka
• calool istaag
• koritaanka timaha aan loo baahnayn
• isku xidhka astaamaha wajiga
• bushimaha oo weynaada
• xad-dhaaf xanjo
• xanuun ama qallooca guska

Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda ama kuwa ku taxan qaybta taxaddarrada qaaska ah, isla markiiba wac dhakhtarkaaga :.

• qanjirrada oo barara
• finanka
• lallabbo
• matagid
• hurdi maqaarka ama indhaha
• xanuun qeybta kore ee midig ee caloosha
• daal fara badan
• nabar ama dhiig bax aan caadi ahayn
• dhibco casaan ama guduud ah oo maqaarka ku yaal
• cunto xumo
• astaamaha hargabka oo kale ah
• qandho, hungur xanuun, finan, boogaha afka, ama nabar nabar fudud, ama wajiga oo barara
• dawakhaad, daal, garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn, ama laab xanuun
• neefta oo ku qabata
• finan

Dhibaatooyinka qaarkood waxay noqon karaan kuwo halis ah. Haddii aad isku aragto mid ka mid ah astaamaha soo socda, jooji qaadashada phenytoin una wac dhakhtarkaaga:

• barar wejiga, indhaha, cunaha, carrabka, ama dibnaha
• dhib liqidda ama neefsashada

Phenytoin wuxuu sababi karaa waxyeelo kale. Wac dhakhtarkaaga haddii aad qabtid dhibaatooyin aan caadi ahayn intaad qaadanaysid dawadan.

Haddii aad isku aragto waxyeellooyin daran, adiga ama dhakhtarkaaga ayaa warbixin u diri kara Barnaamijka Ka Warbixinta Dhacdooyinka Xun ee Maamulka Cuntada iyo Dawooyinka (FDA) (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) ama taleefan ( 1-800-332-1088).

Qaadashada phenytoin waxay kordhin kartaa halista ah inaad ku dhacdo osteopenia, osteoporosis, ama osteomalacia iyo dhibaatooyinka qanjiradaada qanjirada oo ay ku jiraan cudurka Hodgkin (kansarka ku bilaabma nidaamka qanjirada). Kala hadal dhakhtarkaaga khataraha isticmaalka daawadan si aad u daaweyso xaaladdaada.

Daawadan ku hay weelka ay soo gashay, si adag u xir, iyo meel aysan carruurtu gaarin. Ku keydi heerkulka qolka, kana fogaan kuleylka iyo kulaylka badan iyo qoyaanka (ha ku jirin musqusha). Ha barafoobin dareeraha.

Waa muhiim inaad ka ilaaliso dhammaan daawooyinka meel aan la arkeynin oo aysan gaari karin carruurta maaddaama weelal badan (sida kuwa toddobaadlaha kiniiniga ka fiirsada iyo kuwa loogu talagalay dhibcaha isha, kareemada, dhejiyeyaasha, iyo kuwa neefta ku siiya) uma adkeysana carruurta, carruurta yaryarna si fudud ayey ku furi karaan. Si aad uga ilaaliso carruurta yaryar sunta, marwalba xiro daboolka badbaadada isla markaana isla markiiba dhig dawada meel aamin ah - mid kor iyo fog kana fog aragooda oo gaadha. http://www.upandaway.org

Daawooyinka aan loo baahnayn waa in lagu tuuraa siyaabo gaar ah si loo hubiyo in xayawaanka, carruurta, iyo dadka kaleba aysan cuni karin. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waa inaadan ku daadinin daawadan musqusha hoosteeda. Taabadalkeed, sida ugufiican ee dawada looga takhalusi karaa waa iyada oo loo maro barnaamijka dib u celinta daawada. La hadal farmashiistahaaga ama la xiriir waaxda qashinka / dib u warshadaynta si aad wax uga ogaato barnaamijyada dib-u-celinta ee bulshadaada. Ka eeg bogga internetka ee 'FDA ee Amni-Qaadashada Daawooyinka (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) si aad u hesho macluumaad dheeraad ah haddii aadan marin u helin barnaamijka dib-u-celinta.

Xaalada xad dhaafka ah, wac khadka caawinta ka hortagga sunta 1-800-222-1222. Macluumaadka sidoo kale waxaa laga heli karaa internetka https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Haddii dhibbanuhu burburay, suuxdin qabtay, neefsashadu dhib ku tahay, ama aan la kici karin, isla markiiba wac adeegyada gurmadka ee 911.

Calaamadaha xad-dhaafka ah waxaa ka mid noqon kara kuwa soo socda:

• dhaqdhaqaaqa indhaha oo aan la xakamayn karin
• luminta isuduwidda
• hadal gaabis ah ama gaabis ah
• aragga oo xumaada
• daal
• gariir aan la koontarooli karin qayb ka mid ah jirka
• lallabbo
• matagid
• miyir beelid (miyir beelid muddo ah)
• dawakhaad, daal, garaaca wadnaha oo aan joogto ahayn, ama laab xanuun
• neefta oo ku qabata

Dhammaan ballamaha la dhig dhakhtarkaaga iyo shaybaarka. Dhakhtarkaagu wuxuu dalban karaa tijaabooyin shaybaarro qaarkood si loo hubiyo jawaabtaada fenytoin

Kahor baaritaanka shaybaarka, u sheeg dhakhtarkaaga iyo shaqaalaha sheybaarka inaad qaadatid phenytoin.

Ha u ogolaan qof kale inuu qaato daawadaada. Weydii farmashiistahaaga wixii su'aalo ah ee aad ka qabto dib u soo celinta daawada laguu qoray.

Waxaa muhiim kuu ah inaad haysato liis qoran oo ku saabsan dhammaan daawooyinka laguu qoro iyo kuwa aan dhakhtar qorin (warqad dhakhtar la aan ah) ee aad qaadanaysid, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saar kasta sida fiitamiinnada, macdanta, ama nafaqooyinka kale ee nafaqada leh. Waa inaad soo qaadataa liiskan markasta oo aad booqato dhakhtar ama haddii isbitaal la dhigo. Sidoo kale waa macluumaad muhiim ah inaad lasocoto haddii ay jiraan xaalado deg deg ah.

• Dilantin^®
• Phenytek^®